Which would have the most positive effect in preventing an epidemic from becoming a pandemic?
A quarantine
B vaccination
C hand washing
Which poses the greatest challenge for researchers when attempting to locate the source of a nationwide food-based salmonella outbreak?
A cost of the study
B time needed for the study
C number of people affected
D number of food producers involved
How are epidemics different from pandemics?
A Epidemics affect large numbers of people worldwide and pandemics affect large numbers of people within a local population.
B Pandemics affect large numbers of people worldwide and epidemics affect large numbers of people within a local population.
C Epidemics are easily curable while pandemics are difficult to contain and handle.
A small community had a recent outbreak of measles among local unvaccinated families. Which best describes this event?
A An epidemic because it happened within the last five years.
B An epidemic because it occurred in a single geographic area.
C A pandemic because it occurred in a single geographic area.
D A pandemic because several families were affected by the disease.
A strain of influenza originates in Southeast Asia and spreads to countries including the United States and Europe, infecting millions of individuals worldwide. Which best describes the spread of this disease?
A Epidemic, then a pandemic because it did not originate in the United States.
B Pandemic, then an epidemic because it affected citizens of the United States.
C Epidemic, then a pandemic because it originated in one geographic area before spreading to others.
D Pandemic, then an epidemic because it originated in one geographic area before spreading to others.
Which would most likely prevent a cold virus from spreading through a classroom?
A Have a large supply of tissues on the teacher’s desk.
B Have all students wash their hands regularly with soap.
C Have all students shake hands regularly with all students.
D Have all students wipe desk with dry paper towel at end of class.
Which is the best description for the human body’s defenses against pathogens?
A attack by red blood cells
B antibacterial treatment
C the immune response
Which is an example of an epidemic?
A dengue fever in an African village
B smallpox outbreak on several continents
C swine flu cases reported in multiple countries
D many people affected by tuberculosis worldwide
Which is a distinction between an epidemic and a pandemic?
A the symptoms of the disease
B the geographical area affected
C the species of organisms infected
D the season in which the disease spreads
Which best explains why influenza H1N1 was declared a pandemic in 2009?
A More cases than expected were reported.
B It was contained to one geographic region.
C It was a highly contagious form of the virus.
D More than 206 countries reported cases of H1N1.
Which best distinguishes an infectious disease from a noninfectious disease?
A Infectious diseases can be cured with antibiotics; noninfectious diseases cannot.
B Infectious diseases can be prevented with vaccines; noninfectious diseases cannot.
C Infectious diseases can be spread from one organism to another; noninfectious diseases cannot.
D Infectious diseases cannot be transmitted from one organism to another; noninfectious diseases can.
Which situation would most favor the spread of infectious disease?
A overcrowding
B use of vaccines
C small population
D sanitary conditions
A village has an outbreak of cholera. Which would be the easiest way for a neighboring village to prevent the cholera epidemic from spreading to their village?
A Develop a cholera vaccination.
B Quarantine all individuals infected with cholera.
C Avoid or treat contaminated water before drinking.
D Restrict travel to other villages that are farther away.
How does the spread of an epidemic and pandemic differ?
A A pandemic spreads slowly, and an epidemic spreads quickly.
B An epidemic spreads slowly, and a pandemic spreads quickly.
C A pandemic affects a small region, and an epidemic affects many regions.
D An epidemic affects a small region, and a pandemic affects many regions.
Which best explains the purpose of the research on drug-resistant microbes?
A to find all drug-resistant microbes
B to lower the number of drug-resistant microbes
C to maintain the number of drug-resistant microbes
Why is the prevention of epidemics usually easier than the prevention of a pandemic?
A The diseases in an epidemic are less severe than in a pandemic.
B Diseases causing pandemics are more contagious than diseases in an epidemic.
C Affected individuals in epidemics are usually more concentrated in one area than in pandemics.
Which has made the most significant difference to reduce the spread of epidemics and pandemics worldwide?
A water treatment
B decreased pollution
C increased medical aid
Which would best prevent the pandemic spread of a flu virus?
A Decrease vaccinations.
B Isolate sick individuals.
C Restrict travel to other countries.
D Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
Which would be the most successful way to make antibiotics that prevent microbial infections?
A Accurately identify the specific source of infections.
B Use antibacterial hand soaps and cleaners on a regular basis.
C Reduce the number of prescriptions written for children under the age of two.
Which vector could lead to a malaria epidemic?
A fly
B bat
C mosquito
Which best explains the difference between the spread of an epidemic and the spread of a pandemic?
A A pandemic is the spread of a disease across a large region or even worldwide, while an epidemic covers a much smaller area and population.
B An epidemic is the spread of a disease across a large region or even worldwide, while a pandemic covers a much smaller area and population.
C In a pandemic, the spread of the disease is stable with regard to the number of individuals infected, while in an epidemic the number of infected people is unstable across the region.
D In an epidemic, the spread of the disease is stable with regard to the number of individuals infected, while in a pandemic the number of infected people is unstable across the region.
In tropical regions with high mosquito populations, malaria is a significant problem. Which term best describes an outbreak in these particular areas?
A antibiotic
B epidemic
C pandemic
D parasitic
Which condition will most likely increase the number of people infected with a contagious disease in one area?
A climate change
B overpopulation
C improved sanitation
D limited water supply
Which would most likely contribute to the spread of a pandemic?
A a doctor at a city hospital
B a neighborhood trash collector
C a teacher at the local community school
D an attendant on an international airplane flight
Which has had the greatest impact on preventing epidemics in the twenty-first century?
A immunizations
B new medicines
C good hygiene
Cholera is a bacterial disease that is generally spread through contaminated water. The graph below shows the number of deaths in a developing country resulting from cholera over time.
In 1923, the country experienced massive flooding. What was most likely the result?
A There was a decrease in the number of cholera deaths.
B There was an increase in the number of cholera deaths.
C There was approximately the same number of cholera deaths.
D The flooding prevented cholera infections, so there were no deaths.
Which aspect of modern life could MOSTlikely cause an epidemic to turn into a pandemic?
A vaccination
B transportation
C communication
D sanitation
Which is an example of a slow but deadly viral pandemic?