Lab Final Evolution through Plants (Labs 11, 12, 13, & 14)

#11-1 Use this specimen to answer all of the questions under #1. This fossil is of a _______________________(organism's name).

#11-1a The formation of this fossil is a (cast or mold)?

#11-1b. This fossil can be considered an ___________fossil because it can be used to identify a time period in the Geological Time Scale.

#11-1c. This fossil identifies the (most recent or the oldest) era that it belongs to.

#11-1d. This fossil identifies the Paleozoic Era.

#11-2 Eras are broken down into two or more periods.

#11 -3 Look at model. If this was a core sample, the Law of Superposition tells you that if you find a fossil in the gravel layer and one in the sandy layer in this sample, then the fossil on the bottom is younger than the fossil on top.

#11-3a. The Law of Superposition is also called relative dating vs radiometric dating which uses the decay of isotopes to determine the age of a specimen.

#11-4. Major types of events have repeatedly occured in the history of the earth and have caused the chronological separations in the Geological Time Scale. What are these major events?

#11-5 - Select the best representation of the length of the three eras if drawn on a time line from the oldest to the most recent.

#11-6 Use the figure above. This is an example of ____________________structures which supports a _________________________.

#11-7 Use the figure above. This is an example of analogous structures which doesn't support a common ancestor.

#11-8 One of the arguments for why all vertebrates are closely related is due to certain characteristics of embryonic development. Give one example.

#11-9. Use the Table above. Based on the information in the table, which species is most likely the closest relative to species L?

#11-10. Use the Table above. Based on the information in the table, which species is most likely the ancestor to species L?

#11-11 Use the figure above. You are an anthropologist and have been asked to compare the recently unearthed fossil remains in Column 2 to two known species represented in Columns 1 and 3.

Looking at characteristic No. 21, is the unknown species more closely related to the species in Column 1 or 3?

#11-12 Use the figure above. You are an anthropologist and have been asked to compare the recently unearthed fossil remains in Column 2 to two known species represented in Columns 1 and 3.

Looking at characteristic No. 30, is the unknown species more closely related to the species in Column 1 or 3?

#11-13 Use the picture above. This type of fossil is very rare, however, scientists are excited when they find these types of fossils. Why?

#11-14 Explain why we don't find more fossils.

#12 - 1. Pictures 3, 4, and 6 above are all representatives of what Kingdom?

#12 - 1a. This Kingdom is distinguished by being only ______________and __________________.

#12 - 1b. As the pictures indicate, it is classified by _____________.

#12 - 1c. Select only one of the three pictures and tell me the scientific suffix for organisms classified in its group and verbally describe the shape of that group.

#12 - 2. The remaining pictures are all representatives of what Kingdom?

#12-2a. These organisms are

#12-2b. There organisms are generally classified by whether they look or function more like a

#12-2c. Select only one of the pictures and tell me the name of the organism. Give the plate # and name with a space between the two.

#12-2d. Look at specimens #2, 5, and 9. Give the three types of locomotion used by these representative organisms.

#12- 3. Look at the specimen provided. This sample is an example of an organism from what Kingdom?

#12 - 3a. These organisms are generally classified by their _____________________structures.

#12 - 3b. Identify the specific type of organism growing in the petri dish.

#12 - 4. Briefly describe the importance of cyanobacteria to the Earth's ecosystem.

#12 - 5. Bacteria are also categorized by whether they cause disease or not. Describe only one structure on bacteria that promotes or helps bacteria to survive and cause disease.

#12 - 6. Bacteria and fungi play a major role in ecosystems as decomposers recylcing nutrients for continued life on the earth.

#12 - 7 Name one of the diseases caused by fungi.

#13 - 1 Use these four specimens to identify the four main groups of plants we studied and the evolutionary event that is associated with its group. What is the significance of this adaptation towards movement from water to land. Use format: A= Name: Event: Significance: ; then repeat for B, C, and D.

#13 - 2. Put the specimens in the previous question in order of evolutionary development and then show the relationsihp with dominance of the gametophyte and sporophyte generations in these groups. (Use A, B, C, and D labels across the top; and then enter G and S appropriately inside the triangles)

#13 -3 Briefly explain double fertilizatin and its benefits.

#13 - 4. This is a generalized diagram of Alternation of Generations. Insert the following terms haploid, diploid, mitosis, meiosis and fertilization into the diagram. Use H=haploid, D=diploid, MT=mitosis, ME=meiosis and F=fertilization

#13 -5. The sporophyte generation is the dominant phase in the moss life cycle.

#13 - 6. The gamtophyte generation is the dominant phase in the fern life cycle.

#13 - 7. Give the two mechanisms used as pollinators for seed plants.

#13 - 8. Give one benefit of a fruit to the perpetuation of a plant species.

#13 - 9. Distinguish the difference between pollination and fertilization.

#13 - 10. Match up these male and female terms with the correct group of organisms.

A=archegonium AN=anteridum E=egg S=sperm ME=megaspore M=microspore P=pollen ST=stamen C=carpel

Mosses have:

#13 - 10a. Match up these male and female terms with the correct group of organisms.

A=archegonium AN=anteridum E=egg S=sperm ME=megaspore M=microspore P=pollen ST=stamen C=carpel

Ferns have:

#13 - 10b. Match up these male and female terms with the correct group of organisms.

A=archegonium AN=anteridum E=egg S=sperm ME=megaspore M=microspore P=pollen ST=stamen C=carpel

Gymnosperms have:

#13 - 10c. Match up these male and female terms with the correct group of organisms.

A=archegonium AN=anteridum E=egg S=sperm ME=megaspore M=microspore P=pollen ST=stamen C=carpel

Angiosperms have:

#13 - 11. The terms "capsule", "protonemata", and "rhizoid" belongs to which group

#13 - 12. The terms "prothalium", "frond", and "sorus" belongs to which group

#13 - 13. This specimen is an example of a ______________________cone, belonging to the group of _____________________.

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

1 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

2 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

3 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

4 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

5 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

6 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

7 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

8 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

9 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

10 is the

#13 - 14. Use the figure above to label the parts of a flower.

11 is the

#13 - 15. Considering the placement of the male reproductive structures, will this flower be more likely to self pollinate or cross pollinate?

#13 - 16. Using the sample specimen, how many ovules does this organism have?

#14-1 Everything above ground is called the _______________.

#14-1a. Is this plant herbaceous or non-herbacious?

#14-2 What part of this above ground system is this?

#14-2a What is its primary function?

#14-2b. Another name for the flat part of this structure is the....

#14-2c The name of this structure is?

#14-3 What part of this above ground system is this?

#14-a What is its primary function?

#14-4. Everything below ground is calle the ______________system.

#14-4a. List at least two of its primary functions.

#14-4b. This is an example of a .........root.

#14-4c. This is an example of a _________________root.

#14-5. This is a _____________bud.

#14-5a. This is a ______________bud.

#14-5b This is a ___________.

#14-5c This is a ______________.

#14-6 Give two locations where meristems are located.

#14-7a Monocot or dicot? Why?

#14-7b. Monocot or dicot? Why?

#14-7c Monocot or dicot? Why?

The four flower parts makes this a _______________.

#14-7f. Is this a monocot or dicot? Why?

#14-8 @ microscope The arrow in the midddle is pointing to whtat is called the ___________

#14-8a. There are how many annual rings?

#14-8b. All of these collectively are called the ________________.

#14-9 @ microscope - Is this a monocot or dicot? Why?

#14-10 @ miscroscope - Is this a monocot or dicot? Why?

#14-11 @ microscope This is a specimen of what structure?

#14-11a. @ microscope What would you label the outside layer that the arrow is pointing to?

#14-12 @ microscope The arrow is pointing to a particular structure. What is it?

#14-12a. Describe its role and importance in the growth of plants.

#14-14 - back at tables - You can see a distinctively darker and lighter ring where this specimen has been dampened with some water. (You may use the water bottle and cotton ball to re-wet the specimen so you can see the rings better. There rings are called the _____________.

#14-15 Label these two tissues in part of a picture of a cross section of a woody stem.