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Laabri

Paleoanthropology Investigation: Caves in Spain

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Last updated almost 7 years ago
10 Nsɛmmisa

Ice Age Humans

Humans have lived in what is now Europe for thousands of years. How do we know? They left behind many kinds of evidence.

For example, everywhere they lived, they made fires, leaving charred wood along with cut and broken animal bones. Scientific dating of this material (by measuring radioactive changes) indicates that humans began living in parts of Europe over 40,000 years ago. Europe then, up until about 11,000 years ago, was much colder than it is today, with long, icy winters and short, chilly summers. Glaciers covered much of northern Europe and, farther south, glacier ice covered mountainous areas.

Hundreds of caves in Europe preserve various kinds of evidence of early humans, telling us something about how they lived. But there’s a lot we don’t know. You’ll look at the evidence from two caves, located very close together.

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1.

Why might early humans have preferred to live in a cave 150 feet above their water source?

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2.

Which is the best reason that we could assume the early humans who inhabited El Miron Cave also traveled to the coast.

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3.

Why do you think the Spanish people might have named the ancient cave El Miron, "The Watcher?"

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4.

Choose one of these questions to answer:

How could this object be helpful in throwing a spear faster, farther, or more accurately?

Or, do you think this object was used for some other purpose? If so, what?

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5.

What might these objects be used for?

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6.

Some materials (stone tools, for example) stay around for thousands of years; other substances used by humans decay and disappear.

What materials -- not on this list but probably used by early humans -- fall into the “disappearing” category?

List three.

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7.

Why do you think most Ice Age

human evidence is found in caves?

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8.

How might the fact that most early human evidence is found only in caves affect our ideas about the people who lived then?

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9.

Write about an imaginary day in the life of an early human who lived in El Miron Cave. Describe 7 items that he or she used. For each item, describe how these items were obtained (made or found) and what they are used for. Write two or three paragraphs (press "ENTER" twice to start a new paragraph).

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10.

Imagine that YOUR OWN house in 2017 survived 11,000 years with nobody disturbing it.

1. Draw one of the items in your house that that might be found by archaeologists one day.

2. Label what it is and what material it is made of.