The English Bill of Rights
The rights of English people were officially confirmed by the English Bill of Rights of 1689. A bill of rights is a written list of freedoms the government promises to protest. England's rulers agreed not to have a standing army or to impose new taxes without the permission of Parliament. The English Bill of Rights also guaranteed trial by jury, the right to petition Parliament, and other personal freedoms, as well as freedom of speech and debate in Parliament. The Bill of Rights also strengthened the position of representative government and institutions in the colonies.
The Magna Carta, the rise of Parliament, and English Bill of Rights all combined to establish important traditions of individual liberty and limited government that were familiar to the English colonists. For this reason, and inspired by the English tradition of representative government outlined in the Magna Carta, all of the colonies gained a legislature soon after they were founded. The first of these was the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1619.