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Unit 3 Exam

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Answer the questions by clicking on the correct answer. You will have ONE class period in which to complete this exam.

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Do NOT forget to tun in this assignment on Google classroom after you have submitted it here! No credit will be awarded for unsubmitted assignments.

Tectonic plates consist of

A. continental crust.

B. oceanic crust.

C. both continental and oceanic crust.

D. mesosphere.

Wegener thought that all the continents were once together in one large continent called

A. Gondwana.

B. Laurasia.

C. Rhodinia.

D. Pangaea.

The global positioning system can map the rate of plate movement using

A. radio waves.

B. lasers.

C. visual markers.

D. motion detectors.

What kind of fault usually occurs because of tension?

A. folded

B. normal

C. strike-slip

D. reverse

What kind of fault usually occurs because of compression?

A. folded

B. normal

C. strike-slip

D. reverse

What kind of force can lead to mountains with sharp, jagged peaks?

A. tension

B. compression

C. stress

D. rebound

What is the area where two tectonic plates meet called?

A. a collision

B. a mid-ocean ridge

C. a boundary

D. a rift zone

What type of boundary is formed when plates separate?

A. convergent

B. horizontal

C. divergent

D. transform

What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past one another?

A. convergent

B. horizontal

C. divergent

D. transform

According to the continental drift theory, a single, huge continent once existed named

A. Gondwana

B. Laurasia

C. Rhodinia

D. Pangaea

The mantle is denser than the crust because it contains more

A. iron.

B. magnesium.

C. silicon.

D. oxygen.

The core consists mainly of 

A. iron.

B. magnesium.

C. silicon.

D. oxygen.

Seismic waves travel through the Earth's layers at different speeds depending on the 

A. density.

B. mass.

C. area.

D. shape.

Mountains formed by magma that reaches the Earth's surface are

A. slip-strike.

B. folded.

C. fault block.

D. volcanic.

The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of

A. global positioning.

B. magnetic reversal.

C. continental drift.

D. oceanic drift.

Sets of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other are known as

A . mid-ocean ridges.

B. troughs.

C. clefts.

D. rift zones.

What happens at mid-ocean ridges?

A. strike-slip faults

B. magnetic reversal

C. sea floor spreading

D. earthquakes

Which of the following is associated with transform boundaries?

A. slab pull

B. magnetic reversal

C. sea floor spreading

D. earthquakes

What do scientists use the global positioning system for?

A. to measure tectonic plate movement

B. to measure the Earth's thickness

C. to make images of tectonic plates

D. to measure the distances of seismic waves

What is tension?

A. stress squeezing an object

B. stress pulling on an object

C. stress breaking an object

D. mstress releasing an object

What can tectonic plates form when they converge?

A. mid-ocean ridges

B. mountains

C. sea floor

D. asthenosphere

What is the order of the layers of the Earth moving from the surface to the center?

A. asthenosphere, lithosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

B. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core

C. mesosphere, outer core, inner core, lithosphere, asthenosphere

D. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, inner core, outer core

Tectonic plates "float" on 

A. the ocean.

B. the mantle.

C. the asthenosphere.

D. the lithosphere.

Earthquakes produce

A. seismograms.

B. maps.

C. seismic waves.

D. volcanoes.

The giant continent that was composed of all the land on Earth was called

A. Panthalassa.

B. Gondwana.

Pangaea.

D. Laurasia.

The southern portion of the giant supercontinent that broke apart about 180 million years ago was called

A. Panthalassa.

B. Gondwana.

Pangaea.

D. Laurasia.

Magnetic reversals are preserved in

A. compass needles.

B. magnetic minerals.

C. all minerals.

D. seismic waves.

Magnetic reversals have helped to support

A. the theory of Pangaea.

B. the age of the Earth.

C. sea-floor spreading.

D. the theory of Rhodinia.

Mid-ocean ridges are the most common type of 

A. transform boundary.

B. oceanic-oceanic collision.

C. divergent boundary.

D. convergent boundary.

The Global Positioning System depends on

A. gravity.

B. the internet.

C. satellites.

D. visual observation.

The San Andreas fault is an example of a

A. reverse fault.

B. normal fault.

C. strike-slip fault.

D. divergent fault.

Most earthquakes happen at the edges of

A. tectonic plates.

B. elastic deformations.

C. plastic deformations.

D. earthquake zones.

Which of the following is a type of body wave?

A. shear wave

B. surface wave

C. long wave

D. transform wave

How much more ground motion does an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 have than one with a magnitude of 4.0?

A. 2 times as much

B. 10 times as much

C. 100 times as much

D. 1000 times as much

Which state would you expect to have the highest probablility of experiencing an earthquake due to tectonic stress?

A. Pennsylvania

B. Ohio

C. New Mexico

D. California

What kind of deformation leads to earthquakes?

A. plastic deformation

B. elastic deformation

C. rebound deformation

D. convergent deformation

Which of the following is NOT a type of fault that leads to an earthquake?

A. normal fault

B. abnormal fault

C. reverse fault

D. strike-slip fault

The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on the Earth's surface

A. directly below the focus.

B. directly above the focus.

C. adjacent to the focus.

D. immediately at the focus.

The strength of an earthquake is determined by the 

A. the type of fault on which it occurs.

B. gap hypothesis.

C. amount of damage it causes.

D. amount of ground motion.

One way to forecast earthquakes in an area is to observe their past

A. strength & intensity.

B. strength & frequency.

C. frequency & intensity.

D. magnitude & direction.

Which of the following is NOT a type of technology used to construct earthquake resistant buildings?

A. cross brace

B. tectonic plate

C. mass damper

D. base isolator

Strike-slip faults are created by

A. convergent motion.

B. divergent motion.

C. transform motion.

D. transcontinental motion.

What do seismologists use to measure earthquake strength?

A. Modified Mercalli Intensity scale

B. Richter magnitude scale

C. Fugita scale

D. Torino scale

What do seismologists use to measure the effect of an earthquake at a given location?

A. Modified Mercalli Intensity scale

B. Richter magnitude scale

C. Fugita scale

D. Torino scale

Which of the following would you expect to see during a non-explosive eruption?

A. hot debris, ash and gas shooting into the air

B. molten rock shooting into the air

C. calm lava flows

D. violent explosions

Which of the following would you expect after an explosive eruption?

A. warmer temperatures

B. darkened skies

C. calm lava flows

D. clear skies

A shield volcano

A. is sometimes called a stratovolcano.

B. has a jagged surface.

C. has gently sloping sides.

D. forms when lava erupts underwater.

A cinder cone volcano

A. has a gentle slope.

B. is formed by explosive and non-explosive eruptions.

C. erodes over thousands of years.

D. has a steep slope.

A combination of explosive and non-explosive eruptions will create a

A. shield volcano.

B. composite volcano.

C. cinder cone volcano.

D. a super volcano.

A large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a 

A. crater.

B. rift.

C. cinder cone.

D. caldera.

Which of the following best describes subduction?

A. movement of tectonic plates away from each other

B. movement of one tectonic plate against another

C. movement of one tectonic plate under another

D. side-by-side movement of two tectonic plates

A dormant volcano

A. is currently explosive.

B. might erupt again.

C. usually erupt once a year.

D. has never erupted.

An active volcano

A. has never erupted.

B. will blow smoke but never erupt.

C. is currently erupting or will erupt very soon.

D. will erupt in 100 years.

Where are volcanoes mist likely to form?

A. near the center of continents

B. along bodies of water

C. along plate boundaries

D. in mountainous areas

Molten rock deep underground often gathers in a 

A. vent.

B. magma chamber.

C. landslide.

D. caldera.

Lava that is very runny is probably

A. has a low silica content.

B. is hotter than most lava.

C. has been cooled below the surface.

D. comes from explosive volcanoes.

When you talk about the viscosity of lava, you are talking about

A. the lava's temperature.

B. the lava's weight.

C. how the lava flows.

D. how the lava looks.

Which type of lava flows most like dripping wax?

A. aa lava

B. pillow lava

C. blocky lava

D. pahoehoe lava

Cool, stiff lava that forms jumbled heaps of sharp, chunks near the vent is called

A. aa lava

B. pillow lava

C. blocky lava

D. pahoehoe lava

Which type of pyroclastic material gets its name from a word that means "little stones"?

A. lapilli

B. volcanic bombs

C. blocky lava

D. pahoehoe lava

Pyroclastic material forms when

A. lava flows calmly from a crack in the Earth's crust.

B. magma remains underground too long.

C. magma explodes into the air and hardens.

D. lava flows underwater.

The three main types of volcanoes are

A. shield, pahoehoe and vented.

B. cinder, cone and composite.

C. cinder cone, lapilli and caldera.

D. shield, composite and cinder cone.

The depression created when the roof of a magma chamber collapses is called a 

A. caldera.

B. crater.

C. lava plateau.

D. lapilli.

Rock begins to melt when

A. both temperature and pressure decrease.

B. both temperature and pressure increase.

C. temperature increases and pressure decreases.

D. temperature decreases and pressure increases.

Most active volcanoes form

A. far from bodies of water.

B. where tectonic plates collide.

C. where tectonic plates separate.

D. where tectonic plates move back and forth.

Volcanic activity is common along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This activity occurs at a 

A. mantle plume.

B. subducted plane.

C. divergent boundary.

D. break in the continental crust.

Which of the following is NOT considered when predicting volcanic eruptions?

A. the composition of volcanic gases

B. atmospheric activity

C. internal temperature

D. changes in the volcano's slope

What is a rift?

A. a closed vent

B. a crack in the Earth's crust

C. an instrument that predicts eruptions

D. a hot spot

What does a tiltmeter measure?

A. gases

B. changes in a volcano's slope

C. the intensity of earthquakes

D. the temperature inside a volcano

Which kind of volcanic eruption is the most destructive?

A. atmospheric

B. non-explosive

C. explosive

D. nominal

Mt. Rainier and Mt. St. Helen's are

A. shield volcanoes.

B. cinder cone volcanoes.

C. composite volcanoes.

D. calderas.

Mauna Kea is a 

A. cinder cone volcano.

B. shield volcano.

C. composite volcano.

D. stratovolcano.

Magma forms deep in the Earth's crust and in the mantle where

A. temperature and pressure are low.

B. temperature and pressure are high.

C. temperature is high and pressure is low.

D. temperature is low and pressure is high.

Only about 5% of land volcanoes form

A. along divergent boundaries.

B. along convergent boundaries.

C. along transform boundaries.

D. over hot spots.

When infrared images show that an area is getting hotter, what is probably happening there?

A. Magma is sinking deeper into the Earth's crust.

B. Magma is rising in an active volcano.

C. Lava inside a caldera is being warmed by the sun.

D. Pyroclastic material is filling a magma chamber.