“Hate speech, they argue, is not just the "free expression of ideas;" it effectively diminishes its victims' standing in society. When aimed at historically oppressed minorities, hate speech is not just insulting — it also continues the oppression of these minorities. It causes the victims, the perpetrators and society at large to internalize the hateful messages and act on that hate. Victims of hate speech cannot enter the “open marketplace of ideas” as equal participants to defend themselves. For them, hate speech, in addition to a broader system of inequality and unjust discrimination that burdens the victims, effectively silences them.”