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Genes, DNA & Mutations

By Amy Bell

Last updated almost 4 years ago

17 Questions

Which statement best describes the structure of a DNA molecule

DNA is a single-stranded and curly molecule

DNA is single-stranded and straight molecule 

DNA is a double-stranded molecule that looks like a spiral staircase 

DNA is a double stranded molecule that is straight like a ladder

According to the Base-Pair Rule...

A pairs with G and C pairs with T 

A pairs with C and G pairs with T

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

Each nucleotide pairs with itself (ex A pairs with A)

A portion of DNA that codes for a protein, that causes a trait, is a

Gene

Chromosome

Deoxyribose

Phosphate 

Chromosomes contain...

nucleus

cells

DNA

traits

Mutations are random.

True

False

In 1986, a meltdown of a nuclear reactor in the city of Chernobyl, in Ukraine, released highly radioactive
chemicals into the atmosphere. As a result, people suffered various forms of cancer because of exposure
to these radioactive chemicals. Cancerous cells divide much more often than noncancerous cells and form
tumors in the body.

A scientist claims that these cancers were caused by harmful mutations. He wants to make a model to
support his claim.

Which statement best describes what the scientist’s model needs to represent in order to support his claim?

The radioactive chemicals caused structural changes in people’s genes, which changed how proteins functioned in cell division.

The radioactive chemicals burned people’s skin, which increased cell division rates in the people who developed cancer.

The radioactive chemicals polluted people’s food, which changed some people’s ability to digest proteins and caused cancer.

The radioactive chemicals polluted people’s drinking water, which caused cells to divide more quickly in the people’s bodies and form tumors.

All mutations are harmful to an organism or species.

True

False

Which of the karyotypes shown is from a normal female?

A

B

C

D

Describe an individual with the karyotype shown.

an infertile female

a normal female

a normal male

an infertile male

What is mutation?

a result of mitosis

a result of meiosis

Change in the base sequence of DNA

a chromosome with a mismatched base pair

What is the function of hemoglobin?

carry water in blood

to clot blood

to fight infections

carry oxygen from the blood to bodily tissues

Which of the following is true in regards to Sickle Cell Disease?

people with sickle cell would have NO noticeable symptoms

RBCs can become hard, sticky & have an irregular shape

There is a quick cure for sickle cell disease

blood has too much hemoglobin causing elevated O2 levels

Genes contain the instructions for assembling

proteins

chromosomes

nucleosomes

traits

Two parents are carriers for sickle cell trait, what's the chance of their kid being normal (no sickle cell anemia)?

75%

50%

25%

0%

Which of the following models best represents this statement: "Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the structure and function of hemoglobin in the red blood cell."

Two parents are carriers for sickle cell trait, what's the chance of their kid having no protection from malaria? Draw a punnett square to show your work and then type out your answer.

Rachel uses the process of baking a cake as a model to help her friend understand how genes function in
people. The ingredients in Rachel’s cake recipe are:

• Flour
• Milk
• Eggs
• Baking powder
• Sugar
• Butter
• Vanilla

The cake recipe provides directions for how to mix the ingredients together, the temperature of the oven,
and the length of time the cake needs to bake. The end result is a plain, yellow cake.

a. Identify what the recipe in Mary’s model represents.

b. Use Mary’s model to explain the process of how an observable trait (such as curly hair or blue eyes)
happens in people. Begin your explanation with your answer to part (a).

c. Define “neutral mutation” and use Mary’s model to provide an example.