What is an ecosystem service provided by coral reefs?

Saltwater covers about __________% of the earth’s surface, while freshwater covers about __________%.

Aquatic life zones are classified into two major types. What are they?

Give examples of each.

Using the information on page 169-170, construct a 3-tiered energy pyramid for an aquatic ecosystem. Label each level (ex. producer), list the type of organisms (ex. Zooplankton) and give an example of each (ex. fish.) (Note: the examples provided don’t go together!)

What are the key factors determining the types and numbers of organisms found in different areas of the ocean?

Define what is meant by the coastal zone. What types of aquatic systems are included in this zone?

What ecosystem and economic services do coastal zones provide?

What are the unique conditions that organisms in the intertidal zone must be adapted to withstand? What are some of their adaptations?

Coral reefs are being damaged by ocean acidification. Explain how this happens.

The open ocean is divided into 3 vertical zones. Define each zone and give examples of the types of organisms that live there.

• Euphotic Zone

• Bathyal Zone

• Abyssal Zone

What is an upwelling zone?

List 3 major threats to marine systems (your book lists many):

What strategies did the Chesapeake Bay Program put in place to save the bay? Do you think the program was successful? Why or why not?

Littoral Zone:

Limnetic Zone

Profundal Zone

Benthic Zone

Differentiate between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.

Source Zone:

Transition Zone:

Floodplain Zone:

Read the Case Study on p. 181. Explain why the city of New Orleans is sinking.

List three examples of inland wetlands.

List three ecological services provided by inland wetlands.

Briefly list the four ways humans have affected freshwater ecosystems.