Unit 4 Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Test
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7 questions
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During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, what was one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers?
They received support from the Catholic Church
They challenged the authority of conservative institutions such as the Catholic Church
They relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
They favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
What did the majority of Enlightenment philosophers in Europe support in their writings that later encouraged political revolutions?
Socialism
imperialism
The natural rights of man
the divine right of monarchies
What belief did the majority of Enlightenment thinkers hold that contributed to changes in relationships between citizens and governments?
Most changes in government are dangerous.
Absolute monarchy is the most effective form of government
Governments are instituted to protect citizen's rights
Popular liberties should be limited by the need for social order
Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau challenged the idea of the divine right of kings. They wrote about a government's obligations to uphold people’s rights and how the government should be based on the consent of the governed. What did these new ideas encourage people to do?
Remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs
Look for leaders who would exercise dictatorial powers
Engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments
Call for church leaders to create theocracies and replace the monarchies
Why was Galileo charged with heresy, tried in an inquisition, and placed on house arrest for the rest of his life?
He rebelled against Protestant leaders
He supported the Geocentric theory and opposed the monarchy
He supported the Heliocentric theory and angered the Catholic Church
He encouraged humanist thought among young people
What was the major impact of the Enlightenment?
It was an intellectual movement that encouraged the application of reason and thought to restructure society and change governmental institutions
It changed scientific thinking and marked the emergence of modern science
It fostered a religious revival that encouraged a personal relationship with God
It revealed that the Earth was the center of the solar system changing scientific thought
Which Enlightened philosopher had a profound impact on the idea of separation of powers?