Industrialization in Russia
Russia did not industrialize until after its loss in the Crimean War (1853-1856).
To understand why Russia did not industrialize when other European countries did, you have to look at the factors of production.
In the late 1800s Russia had only 1 of the factors of production needed to industrialize.
Land - Russia is an enourmous country with a variety of landscapes. Even though they did not have direct access to the Mediterranean Sea, they did have access to the Pacific Coast.
Labor- Russia did not abolish serfdom until 1861. After emancipation, the peasant class of Russia owed money to nobles for the land "given" to them through the emancipation decree. This means that the majority of workers available for Russian industry were unskilled. Many were illiterate, and most had no understanding of the new machinary of the Industrial Revolution.
Capital - Few people in Russia had the money to invest in factories and new businesses. Because of this, most of industry was controlled by the government and a small group of wealthy people.
One major railway was built in Russia called the Trans-Siberian Railroad. This was seen as a major acheivement for Russia, as connected the Western part of Russia with the east coast of Russia.
When Russia started to build factories, it focused on coal, iron and steel production. Russia became a leading producer of these items. While this made money for business owners, it did not increase the income of the average worker.
Very few Russian people benefited from industrialization. Conditions in Russian factories mirrored those of early English factories. In many factories workers slept at their work station while the machines were being operated by another worker. Workers were punished for simple, sometimes arbitrary, things.
The growth of middle class was much slower in Russia. This would lead many to support new ideas about government like those of Karl Marx and Frederich Engles in The Communist Manifesto.