On the diagram below, please draw H+ being pumped by the ETC in the photosystems, AND H+ diffusing through ATP synthase. BE CLEAR on the direction in which each is occurring.
Question 19
19.
Question 20
20.
a)The experiment below is set up to measure the rate of photosynthesis. The flask are spinach chads (the gray disks) and sodim bicarbonate (the white dots). There is a light shining on the flask (you just can't see it 😄 )
Volumetric measurements are taken by reading the syringe to show the volume of gas that is changing.
In a BRIEF paragraph, answer the following questions.It could be based on a lab you viewed, or another version, as long as it uses this set-up.
a) describe the independent and dependent variables that COULD be recorded using this set up.
b) using the variables you indicated in part a, describe what would be a good positive control group.
Question 21
21.
a)The experiment below is set up to measure the rate of photosynthesis. The flask are spinach chads (the gray disks) and sodim bicarbonate (the white dots). There is a light shining on the flask (you just can't see it 😄 )
Volumetric measurements are taken by reading the syringe to show the volume of gas that is changing.
In a BRIEF paragraph, answer the following questions.It could be based on a lab you viewed, or another version, as long as it uses this set-up.
a) describe the independent and dependent variables that COULD be recorded using this set up.
b) using the variables you indicated in part a, describe what would be a good positive control group.
The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. What colors of light are least effective in driving photosynthesis?
orange-red
green-yellow
violet blue
yellow-orange
Which of the following statements correctly summarizes a redox reaction that occurs in photosynthesis?
CO2 is oxidized to form glucose.
O2 is oxidized to form water.
Glucose is oxidized to form CO2.
CO2 is reduced to form glucose.
Water is reduced to form O2.
A reduction in the amount of NADP+ available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in which of the following effects?
an increase in the rate of the Calvin cycle
a decrease in the rate of linear electron flow
an increase in the rate of oxygen production
a decrease in the rate of cyclic electron flow
The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which of the following relationships would you expect to find when the cell is examined in the light?
The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that of either the stroma or the cytosol.
The pH of the stroma is higher than that of either the thylakoid space or the cytosol.
The pH of the stroma is lower than that of either the thylakoid space or the cytosol.
The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that of either the stroma or the cytosol.
Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet they are able to survive. Which of the following experimental approaches would be a reasonable way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms?
Test the action spectrum for photosynthesis.
Test whether they fix CO2 in the dark.
Test whether they release O2 in the light.
Determine if they have thylakoid membranes in the chloroplas
The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that appears purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is the inverse of the action spectrum for green plants. (That is, the Halobacterium action spectrum has a peak where the green plant action spectrum has a trough.) What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?
red and green
green and yellow
blue and red
blue, green, and red
red and yellow
Which of the following statements correctly describes a reaction associated with photosystem II?
The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of electrons directly to NADP+, producing NADPH.
Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain.
Electrons released from the P680 chlorophyll are replaced by electrons derived from water.
Electrons are passed from the P680 chlorophyll to oxygen (O2).
In chemiosmosis in mitochondria, protons flow from the intermembrane space into the matrix. In what direction do protons flow during chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?
from the stroma into the thylakoid space
from the matrix into the stroma
from the thylakoid space to into the stroma
from the intermembrane space into the stroma
from the stroma into the cytosol
Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts involves which of the following processes?
diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane
establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane
reduction of water to produce oxygen
formation of glucose from carbon dioxide
Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He found that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light. This experiment helped to determine the relationship between which of the following parameters?
heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms
the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis
wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released
wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration
wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis
Use the figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following question.
Which best describes where the ATP for Phase 3 most likely comes from?
oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis
cyclic photophosphorylation
linear photophosphorylation
Use the figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following question.
Which best describes what is occuring to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?
it is being reduced by NADPH
it is being oxidized by NADPH
it is being reduced by NADP+
it is being oxidzided by NADP+
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
to produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
to regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
to produce oxygen by oxidizing water
to produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis
If plants are grown in the light with CO2 containing a radioactive isotope of oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O incorporated in organic molecules first appears in
mitochondria.
the thylakoid space.
the stroma.
the thylakoid membranes.
The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle is produced by which of the following metabolic reactions?
glycolysis
oxidative phosphorylation
the citric acid cycle
reactions initiated in photosystem I
reactions initiated in photosystem II
An early step in the process of carbon fixation combines three molecules of CO2 with three molecules of RuBP to produce three 6-carbon molecules, which are immediately converted to six 3-carbon molecules. These six molecules are phosphorylated and reduced to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). What additional events occur to complete the Calvin cycle?
release of two G3P to make sugars and regeneration of ATP from ADP
release of one G3P to make sugars and regeneration of NADPH from NADP+
release of one G3P to make sugars and regeneration of citrate
release of one G3P to make sugars and regeneration of RuBP
Which of the following best describes how oxygen gas is produced during photosynthesis?
Oxygen gas is produced by the hydrolysis of water by Photosystem II
Oxygen gas is produced by the hydrolysis of ATP and NADPH during the Calvin Cycle
Oxygen gas is produced by the fixation of carbon dioxide by rubisco during the Calvin Cycle
Oxygen gas is produced by a condensation reaction when G3P molecules are combined to make other organic molecules
Which of the following statements best explains how the energy in a photon of light is stored in a molecule of the sugar G3P? *
Light energy directly provides energy to ATP synthase, which produces ATP during the light reactions.
Light energy directly provides energy to RuBP and CO2, which produce G3P in the Calvin cycle.
Light energy energizes electrons to make ATP and NADPH, which provide energy to produce G3P in the Calvin cycle.