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Question 1
1.
Sign your name below using the squiggle tool. It doesn't have to be neat.
Question 2
2.
Which molecule gets oxidized during glycolysis of cellular respiration?
Question 3
3.
Question 4
4.
What molecule acts as the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration?
Question 5
5.
Use the following passage and data tables to answer the following question
Students investigated the effect of light on the carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems by performing the controlled experiment summarized below.
The students placed equal amounts of water (pH 7) from a large aquarium in glass beakers. The students transferred aquatic plants from the aquarium to several of the beakers, and then they placed equal numbers of the beakers in the light or the dark (Figure 1: groups I and II). Similarly, the students transferred goldfish from the same aquarium to other beakers, and then they placed equal numbers of those beakers in the light or dark (*Figure 1: groups III and IV). Finally, the students placed an equal number of beakers containing water only in the light or dark (Figure 1: Groups V and VI).
After exposing the samples to light or dark for one hour, the students recorded the pH of the water in each beaker. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water will lower the pH of an aqueous solution. In the experiment, the students used changes in pH to monitor changes in the amount of Carbon dioxide in the water. For each treatment group, the students calculated the mean pH and standard error, as documented in the table below.
To investigate whether an organism in the study is capable of both photosynthesis and respiration, a comparison of which treatment groups is the most appropriate?
Question 6
6.
The reaction for photosynthesis is
6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
If the input water is labeled with a radioactive isotope of oxygen, 18O, then the oxygen gas released as the reaction proceeds is also labeled with 18O. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
Question 7
7.
Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle?
Question 8
8.
Use the following passage and data tables to answer the following question
Photosynthetic activity can be measured using chloroplasts suspended in a buffered solution containing DCPIP, a blue dye that can accept electrons from the electron transport chain of photosynthesis.
Transfer of electrons to DCPIP decreases the relative absorbance of a specific wavelength of light (605 nm) by a solution that contains the dye. In other words, as more electrons are released from the chloroplasts and transferred to DCPIP, the dye becomes more clear and less blue, and the relative absorbance at 605 nm decreases.
A buffered solution containing chloroplasts and DCPIP was divided equally among six identical samples. The samples were placed at various distances from a lamp, and then all samples were exposed to white light from the lamp for 60 minutes at room temperatures. Sample 3 was wrapped in foil to prevent any light from reaching the solution. At 20-minute intervals, the photosynthetic activity in each sample was determined by measuring the relative absorbance of 605 nm light. The results of the experiment are provided below.
Tube #3 was most likely playing what role in the experiment?
Question 9
9.
A scientist is comparing the characteristics of a C3 plant, wheat, and a C4 plant, sugarcane. Which of the following is true regarding these two plants?
Question 10
10.
In a biological reaction, succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, a substance that resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the amount of succinate molecules to those of malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. Select the correct identification of the molecules described in the reaction
Question 11
11.
Graphs I - IV depicts the effect of pH on the activity of four different enzymes.
The most likely explanation for the results shown in graph I is that
Question 12
12.
Hemoglobin is a protein that delivers oxygen to red blood cells. If a certain mutation occurs in a single amino acid, the result is a disease called sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell hemoglobin proteins can be described as having:
Question 13
13.
During aerobic cellular respiration, a proton gradient in mitochondria is generated by ____ and used primarily for ____.
Question 14
14.
Glycolysis is considered ancient, one of the first metabolic pathways to evolve because
Question 15
15.
In anaerobic respiration glycolysis is followed by fermentation – the conversion of pyruvate to alcohol or lactic acid. The purpose of this step is to allow the cell to
Question 16
16.
Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
Question 17
17.
Which of the following statements is true regarding enzymatic reactions?
Question 18
18.
If enzymes could not be used during a reaction, which of the following COULD be added to a system to make the reaction occur?
Question 19
19.
Oxygen is produced when
Question 20
20.
A rice grain is a fruit that encloses a seed. Most of the dry mass of a rice grain is starch. In rice plants starch is produced by hydrolyzing sucrose and then linking the released glucose molecules together into starch (Figure 1). The optimal temperature range for starch synthase activity in a particular stain of rice is 27- 30 °C. The optimal temperature range for sucrose synthase in the strain is 30-35 °C
Describe how temperatures above 35 °C most likely affect the structure and function (be specific!) of starch synthase in the particular strain. Using the information provided, predict the most likely consequences to starch content in mature rice grains if the rice is grown in an area where the average temperature during the growing season is 33 °C .
Question 21
21.
Explain why feedback inhibition, such as shown in the diagram here, would be beneficial to the cell.
Which terms applies to glycolysis? check all that apply
negative delta G
spontaneous
catabolic
endergonic
positive delta G
anabolic
exergonic
H20
CO2
glucose
IV and VI
I and II
II and IV
III and V
During the Calvin cycle, water is split, the hydrogen atoms are added to intermediates of sugar synthesis, and oxygen gas is released.
During the Calvin cycle, water is split, regenerating NADPH from NADP+, and oxygen gas is released.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, removing electrons and protons, and oxygen gas is released.
dependent variable
independent variable
positive control
negative control
Fumarate is the product, and malonic acid is a noncompetitive inhibitor in the reaction.
The entire rate of product formation, including Vmax, will be exactly the same, with or without the presence of malonic acid.
Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme, and fumarate is the substrate in the reaction.
The enzyme has disulfide bonds
pH effects the temperature of the reaction
The enzyme has a globular structure
pH has no effect on enzyme structure
It produces ATP only by substrate phosphorylation
It relies on fermentation, which is characteristic of bacteria and archaea (ancient bacteria)
It produces much less ATP than the ETC and chemiosmosis