Log in
Sign up for FREE
arrow_back
Library

Benchmark KF updated 11/20

star
star
star
star
star
Last updated over 5 years ago
26 questions
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Question 1
1.

The sentence below from the section "2. So Does Your Heart" helps prove the claim that changes in gravity dramatically affect the cardiovascular system over time.
Without gravity, however, the heart and blood vessels change – and the longer the flight, the more severe the changes.
Which sentence from the article provides further support for the claim?

Question 2
2.

Read the list of sentences from the article.
1.Like inactivity, space flight leads to the loss of both strength and skeletal muscle mass, in a process known as atrophy.
2.During long spaceflights on the ISS, research found that 37 crew members experienced a decrease in average strength of between 8 and 17 percent.
3.They make the new material they need or get rid of any material that isn't needed.
4.During spaceflight, however, the balance of these two processes changes, which leads to reduced bone mineral.
Which two sentences taken together provide the BEST explanation for WHY the body loses muscle and bone mass while in space?

Question 3
3.

Read the section "3. Fitness Suffers."
What does this section explain that other sections do NOT?

Question 4
4.

What is the MAIN reason the author includes the section "5. Your Immune System Suffers"?

Question 5
5.

Question 6
6.

Read the paragraph from the section "Rocket Transported Blood Samples To Earth."

Generally speaking, there were just about as many epigenetic changes in Scott as there were in his twin. The biggest difference was observed nine months into Scott's space mission. There were changes near genes that handle immune system response. The immune system protects the body from diseases. The researchers believe these changes were because Scott had signs of inflammation. This is a normal response when the body is hurt or sick and needs to heal.

What conclusion is BEST supported by the paragraph above?

Question 7
7.

Which two of the following sentences from the article include central ideas of the article?

1. The study reveals that after a year in space, astronaut Scott Kelly experienced no major, long-term differences to his epigenome compared to that of his twin brother, Mark Kelly, who stayed firmly planted on Earth.
2. However, it appears additional research on the genomes of astronauts in space could help predict what kinds of unique health issues they may be at risk for.
3. Genes are made up of DNA, which contains the instructions for how each part of the body works and is passed on from parents to children.
4. If you're wondering how in the world Scott's samples reached the scientists from space, they were transported via a rocket

Question 8
8.

Which statement would be MOST important to include in a summary of the article?

Question 9
9.

What is the author's purpose of passage #2?

Question 10
10.

How does the author support the purpose identified in #9?

Question 11
11.

Use both passages to answer the following question:

What conclusion can the reader draw using information from both passages?

Question 12
12.

After reading the third passage, which answer choice BEST defines exposition in a plot.

Question 13
13.

Which paragraphs in the excerpt make up the exposition?

Question 14
14.

What do you learn about Roko's character from paragraphs 6, 7 and 8?

Question 15
15.

Which sentence from paragraph 4 contains an example of direct characterization?

Question 16
16.

Which of the following paragraphs contains details that show a type of conflict Roko faces?

Question 17
17.

In the paragraph you identified in part A, what type of conflict does Roko face?

Question 18
18.

Which sentence from the excerpt shows the main conflict in "The Wounded Wolf" has been resolved?

Question 19
19.

Which sentence from the excerpt MOST CLEARLY show's the author's use of imagery?

Question 20
20.

To which sense does the imagery MOST CLEARLY appeal from question 19?

Question 21
21.

Review the details in paragraph 1. When can you conclude "The Wounded Wolf" takes place?

Question 22
22.

Review the details in paragraph 2. What can you infer about the ways in which wolves communicate?

Question 23
23.

In which paragraph does the tone of the excerpt change?

Question 24
24.

How does the tone of the paragraph chosen in # 23 differ from the tone of the other paragraphs?

Question 25
25.

What theme do the details in paragraphs 11 and 12 MOST CLEARLY suggest?

Question 26
26.

Which details from paragraphs 11 and 12 BEST convey the theme?

After 9 to 14 days of spaceflight, for example, research shows that aerobic capacity is reduced by 20 to 25 percent.
2 and 3
2 and 4
Select the paragraph from the section "Known And Unknown Dangers" that explains some of the potential risks astronauts face.
Putting your body in space has many dangers. It exposes you to harmful ultraviolet rays and radiation. It means limited food and exercise, lower gravity, disrupted sleep cycles and an unknown number of other potential dangers. Scientists have spent decades studying the effects of space travel on astronauts, but most of these men and women have traveled on missions that max out at six months. In order to travel somewhere, like say, Mars, missions need to be much longer. Scientists say it's critical to understand the effects these super-extended missions have on the human body.
Andrew Feinberg is a professor of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering and Mental Health at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. "This is the dawn of human genomics in space," he said in a statement. "We should be doing more research to draw conclusions about what happens to humans in space."
When scientists talk about epigenetic changes, they're referring to chemical DNA changes. These tiny alterations may have a major effect on a person's health. Epigenetic changes simply change how genes are expressed. They do not change a person's genetic code itself. Potential problems pop up when epigenetic changes happen at the wrong time or place. In turn, they cause certain genes to turn on or off at the inappropriate time and place. Epigenetic changes happen in natural processes like aging. They also happen when one has a disease like cancer.
A major advantage of this new research is the fact that it studies twins who naturally have the same genetic material. The study subjects offer a rare and unique glimpse into the potential for long-term genetic changes in space. However, the researchers are quick to admit the study was too small, and more testing is essential. "Since we only have two people in our study, we can't say that these changes are due to space travel itself," Feinberg said. "We need more studies of astronauts to draw such conclusions."
The twin study showed that astonauts face many dangers the longer they are in space.
The twin study did find some epigenetic changes, but did not attribute them to space travel.
The twin study showed that Scott was much healthier than his brother, Mark.
The twin study will need to be replicated in order to see if Scott became sick in space.
2 and 4
3 and 4
to inform the reader of the effects of long term space travel
to explain how the Kelly brothers were picked to take part in space research
by defining epigenomes and how twins sharing DNA allows comparison experiments
by explaining pros and cons to space travel
Being a twin is beneficial to the space program
Space flight permanently alters the human body.
This gesture says "I am your leader."
"Roko here," he barks out strongly.
The wounded wolf wedges down between the rock and barren ground.
They know it is Roko, who has not answered roll call.
Wolves communicate most effectively when the weather is bad.
Wolves do not communicate with one another.
Food is scarce in the winter.
details that describe the animals on the deathwatch scattering
details that describe Kiglo's coming to help Roko