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rms.056 Science Grade 8 Benchmark Window #02 December 2020

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1.

A Cross Timbers rancher is concerned about competition between the ranch animals and the deer.

Based on the graph, which ranch animals compete for the most food with white-tailed deer?

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2.

Which statement about stars is correct?

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4.

Which statement describes the energy changes that occur when water in a tea kettle is heated on a stove that uses natural gas?

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5.

To fight a bacterial infection, a patient was given an antibiotic to take for 10 days. After the patient finished taking the antibiotics as directed, almost all the bacteria were killed. After another 10 days, the patient was sick again with the same type of infection.

What most likely happened?

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7.

Why does autumn start in different months of the year in North America and South America?

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8.

What is the primary function of this body system?

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9.

Which of these best describes why the leaf fell in a crooked path instead of straight down?

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11.

How many valence electrons are in an atom of each element in Group 15 in the periodic table?

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12.

Which statement describes the geologic process that is most likely responsible for the formation of these mountains?

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13.

Which inference is best supported by these data?

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14.

An action–reaction pair of forces exists between —

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15.

Based on these drawings, which element is the least reactive?

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16.

Why do other stars look much dimmer than the sun?

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18.

Which statement accurately describes the atoms of a specific element?

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21.

At which location does the marble have maximum kinetic energy?

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23.

How are the convection currents in the student’s model different from the convection currents in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans?

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24.

In 1838 botanist Matthias Schleiden determined that all plants are composed of cells. In 1839 anatomist Theodor Schwann proposed that all animals are composed of cells. In 1855 biologist Rudolph Virchow added to Schleiden’s and Schwann’s observations and proposed that all living things are composed of cells.

Which statement is also part of Virchow’s cell theory?

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26.

Four boxes are sliding with constant speed before each box experiences an unbalanced force of 8 N.

Which box would experience the greatest acceleration when the unbalanced force is applied?

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28.

Assuming the students did not make any careless errors, what likely explains these changes in mass?

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29.

What is the most likely explanation for the body-size distribution of house sparrows shown on the map?

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30.

Which picture shows how the moon appears from Earth when it is in the position shown in this model?

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31.

Which table was completed correctly?

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32.

What is the block’s average speed to the nearest hundredth of a m/s?

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33.

Which profile most likely represents the landscape today?

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34.

Some areas of an ocean are known as dead zones. These zones form when excess organic material decomposes. This increased decomposition uses up the oxygen from the water.

Which human activity is most affected by the increasing number of dead zones in the ocean?

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36.

Which statement best describes changes to food during digestion?

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37.

The teacher asked the class to calculate the acceleration of the crate based on the crate’s mass and the force she applied.

What conclusion can be made about the difference between the calculated acceleration and the actual acceleration that occurred in the trials?

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38.

Wheat was one of the first plant crops that humans domesticated. In the process of domestication, the wild form of wheat was eventually changed into a form more suited to human agricultural practice.

Early farmers most likely used seeds only from wheat plants with —

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40.

Which graph displays the motion of the wood block?

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41.

What keeps planets in the solar system from moving in straight lines through the galaxy?

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3.

Based on their observations, can the students correctly conclude that a chemical reaction occurred?

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6.

A 1,100 kg car comes uniformly to a stop. If the vehicle is accelerating at -1.2 m/s , which force is closest to the net force acting on the vehicle?

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10.

An ecosystem that is not sustainable can break down when a natural disaster occurs. This can lead to organisms in the ecosystem either leaving the area or dying off.

Increased biodiversity results in a more sustainable ecosystem because —

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17.

What likely effect would increased rainfall over several rainy seasons have on the populations of wildebeests, lions, and cheetahs?

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19.

A student notices that the moon is full one evening.

Which sequence of moon phases will the student observe over the next eight days?

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20.

Which statement does NOT correctly compare silicon with another element?

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22.

Which chemical reaction involves the fewest oxygen atoms?

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25.

Which of the metals was selected?

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27.

A mid-ocean ridge is located at the boundary of two tectonic plates.

Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid-ocean ridge?

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35.

Which area of the diagram represents the white dwarfs?

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39.

Which sentence best describes how energy flows through this pyramid?

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42.

Whitetip reef sharks spend most of the day lying on the ocean floor. While remaining still, these sharks pump water across their gills.

The movement of water across their gills is necessary for —