Gr. 7 - Structures & Forces: Section 2.0 Quiz

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32 questions

1

Section 2 – External and Internal Forces Act on Structures

2.1 Measuring Forces

A force is a push or a pull that tends to cause an object to change its...

height or length

movement or shape

colour or texture

direction or strength

The actual effect of a force depends on three things: the magnitude, or size of the force; the direction of
the force; and ...

how the force is applied

where the force is applied

why the force is applied

how long the force is applied

In structural drawings, arrows represent forces. A force that is being applied to a heavy box to lift it off the ground would be shown by the following arrow ...

A large force is applied to a freezer to move it up a ramp to the second floor, where a smaller force is
used to push it to the window, and a very large force is needed to lift it up, to put it off balance, so it falls out the window and is demolished on the sidewalk below.

The standard unit of measuring force is named after a famous English scientist, who the first one to
describe the ‘law of gravitation’, getting the idea for the law as he sat under an apple tree. This unit of
measuring force is similar to the amount of force needed to hold an apple in your hand and is called a ...

joule

kilogram

Newton

gram

2.2 External Forces Acting on Structures

An external force is a force applied to a structure by ...

its own mass

something else

an internal force

Newtons

Identify which structure would have the greatest stability, because of its centre of gravity.

High centre of gravity and a narrow base

High centre of gravity and a wide base

Low centre of gravity and a narrow base

Low centre of gravity and a wide base

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is an example of a mass structure. The Tower was built with a lean originally
and it had been getting worse, because of the foundation on which it was built. The structure has not
fallen over yet, because its center of gravity still keeps it relatively stable. Once it started to lean more,
engineers knew that the center of gravity shifted. The reason that the Tower is moving is because ...

it is very windy in Pisa

Pisa has many earthquakes

the thrust line is inside the foundation

the thrust line is outside the foundation

A student compared his mass and weight in two different places (Vancouver and Banff). Which statement is correct?

His mass and weight were unchanged.

His mass and weight were both the same.

His mass was the same, but his weight was different

His mass was different, but his weight was the same.

Weight is a force that is measured by the gravitational pull on the object. It is usually measured in ...

Newtons

kilograms

grams

pounds

Symmetry is a balanced arrangement of mass that occurs on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around
a centre or axis. The force of gravity acting on each side is the same. Which of the following illustrations
is symmetrical?

Which of the following structures would have the greatest stablility?

An external force on a structure is called a ...

force

load

mass

weight

This bridge cannot perform its function any longer because it has collapsed. One of
the probable causes of the failure of this structure was the actual weight of the bridge, which
could not be supported by its suspension cables. This type of load is called ...

gravitational

supporting

static

dynamic

A dynamic load on this train bridge is the ...

tracks

train

cement pillars

metal beams

Designers generally use three key methods to help structures withstand forces. They include all of the
methods below, EXCEPT for ...

distribute the load evenly

direct the forces along angled components

shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face

place lighter materials above heavier materials

When engineers build bridges, they take two conditions into account: what the bridge is crossing and
what kinds of loads it will support, to decide which type of bridge will best suit the situation. Which type of bridge would engineers suggest to withstand very heavy loads?

Beam Bridge

Truss Bridge

Arch Bridge

Suspension Bridge

How well a structure will hold up under a load is important for cost, efficiency and ...

aesthetics

appearance

safety

materials

Performance requirements are the guiding principles that engineers use to design structures. Maximum
weight that the structure can support is expressed as ...

weight capacity

load performance

static load mass

dynamic load mass

2.3 Internal Forces Within Structures

Internal forces are classified by the direction in which they act within an object. A force that acts to push parts of the object in contact with each other in opposite directions is this kind of internal force ...

bend

buckle

shear

twist

When a solid material is compressed, small microscopic cracks in the material can enlarge or break apart. This can cause one section of the material to break away from the other part. This action is called ...

bend

buckle

shear

twist

Structures fail for a number of reasons. Engineers, study failed structures so they can design stronger,
more durable structures. A flagpole that has been blown over in a strong wind happens because of the
increased force that is applied to the ...

entire structure

entire base

opposite side of the flagpole's base

same side of the flagpole's base

Metal fatigue happens because metal is ...

too old to be used any more

not made properly

bent or twisted over and over again

exposed to extreme conditions

Complementary forces happen when different kinds of forces act on a structure at the same time. An
example of a complementary force is ...

bend

buckle

shear

twist

When you put your hands on your desk and put all your weight on them - then try to move
them forward your hand (much like a structure) resists movement forward because of ...

static forces

kinetic forces

external forces

frictional forces

2.4 Designing Structures

The 7 wonders of the Ancient World took many years to complete, but they lasted a very long time. Why
do you think that the Statue of Zeus at Olympia lasted so long?

It was sheltered in a valley.

It was protected by the Greek Gods.

It was made of gold and ivory, which resists corrosion.

It was made of reinforced concrete and sealed with epoxy.

The strongest structural shape is a...

square

circle

triangle

rectangle

When a structure has a single horizontal load-bearing beam, supported by two columns - one at each
end, the beam will likely bend in the middle (A box and girder bridge spanning a river is a good example). This bending exerts pressure outward on the vertical supporting beams. To strengthen this bridge, so that heavy vehicle can cross it, you should ...

reinforce the columns at both ends with braces

place additional columns in the middle

use a double cantilever design

utilize flying buttresses

An arch, which is a common shape in bridges, can support large loads. This is possible because the
force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation, from this point in the arch ...

loadstone

keystone

column

cantilever

Beams are common components in a wide range of structures. The advantage of I beams is that they
have a lot of strength but have less of this compared to simple beams ...

shape

mass

tension

girder

Structural stability requires that a variety of materials should to be utilized to avoid deformation and
structural failure. In a hang-glider the way that helps to reduce internal forces, such as tension,
compression and shear, on the component parts is to ...

distribute the load evenly

direct the forces along angled components

shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face

place lighter materials above heavier materials

Auto safety designers and inspectors to identify impact points when material fails in a collision use crash test dummies. When the car is rammed into a solid wall, the front end buckles. This happens to better protect the Crash test dummies (us) in a real accident. The metal deforms because of the energy it absorbs in the impact. Designers ...

do this on purpose to ensure the material buckles.

identify the weaknesses and try to fix them.

determine what materials buckle the least.

identify where the front end needs more reinforcement.

A force is a push or a pull that tends to cause an object to change its...

height or length

movement or shape

colour or texture

direction or strength

The actual effect of a force depends on three things: the magnitude, or size of the force; the direction of
the force; and ...

how the force is applied

where the force is applied

why the force is applied

how long the force is applied

In structural drawings, arrows represent forces. A force that is being applied to a heavy box to lift it off the ground would be shown by the following arrow ...

A large force is applied to a freezer to move it up a ramp to the second floor, where a smaller force is
used to push it to the window, and a very large force is needed to lift it up, to put it off balance, so it falls out the window and is demolished on the sidewalk below.

The standard unit of measuring force is named after a famous English scientist, who the first one to
describe the ‘law of gravitation’, getting the idea for the law as he sat under an apple tree. This unit of
measuring force is similar to the amount of force needed to hold an apple in your hand and is called a ...

joule

kilogram

Newton

gram

An external force is a force applied to a structure by ...

its own mass

something else

an internal force

Newtons

Identify which structure would have the greatest stability, because of its centre of gravity.

High centre of gravity and a narrow base

High centre of gravity and a wide base

Low centre of gravity and a narrow base

Low centre of gravity and a wide base

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is an example of a mass structure. The Tower was built with a lean originally
and it had been getting worse, because of the foundation on which it was built. The structure has not
fallen over yet, because its center of gravity still keeps it relatively stable. Once it started to lean more,
engineers knew that the center of gravity shifted. The reason that the Tower is moving is because ...

it is very windy in Pisa

Pisa has many earthquakes

the thrust line is inside the foundation

the thrust line is outside the foundation

A student compared his mass and weight in two different places (Vancouver and Banff). Which statement is correct?

His mass and weight were unchanged.

His mass and weight were both the same.

His mass was the same, but his weight was different

His mass was different, but his weight was the same.

Weight is a force that is measured by the gravitational pull on the object. It is usually measured in ...

Newtons

kilograms

grams

pounds

Symmetry is a balanced arrangement of mass that occurs on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around
a centre or axis. The force of gravity acting on each side is the same. Which of the following illustrations
is symmetrical?

Which of the following structures would have the greatest stablility?

An external force on a structure is called a ...

force

load

mass

weight

This bridge cannot perform its function any longer because it has collapsed. One of
the probable causes of the failure of this structure was the actual weight of the bridge, which
could not be supported by its suspension cables. This type of load is called ...

gravitational

supporting

static

dynamic

A dynamic load on this train bridge is the ...

tracks

train

cement pillars

metal beams

Designers generally use three key methods to help structures withstand forces. They include all of the
methods below, EXCEPT for ...

distribute the load evenly

direct the forces along angled components

shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face

place lighter materials above heavier materials

When engineers build bridges, they take two conditions into account: what the bridge is crossing and
what kinds of loads it will support, to decide which type of bridge will best suit the situation. Which type of bridge would engineers suggest to withstand very heavy loads?

Beam Bridge

Truss Bridge

Arch Bridge

Suspension Bridge

How well a structure will hold up under a load is important for cost, efficiency and ...

aesthetics

appearance

safety

materials

Performance requirements are the guiding principles that engineers use to design structures. Maximum
weight that the structure can support is expressed as ...

weight capacity

load performance

static load mass

dynamic load mass

Internal forces are classified by the direction in which they act within an object. A force that acts to push parts of the object in contact with each other in opposite directions is this kind of internal force ...

bend

buckle

shear

twist

When a solid material is compressed, small microscopic cracks in the material can enlarge or break apart. This can cause one section of the material to break away from the other part. This action is called ...

bend

buckle

shear

twist

Structures fail for a number of reasons. Engineers, study failed structures so they can design stronger,
more durable structures. A flagpole that has been blown over in a strong wind happens because of the
increased force that is applied to the ...

entire structure

entire base

opposite side of the flagpole's base

same side of the flagpole's base

Metal fatigue happens because metal is ...

too old to be used any more

not made properly

bent or twisted over and over again

exposed to extreme conditions

Complementary forces happen when different kinds of forces act on a structure at the same time. An
example of a complementary force is ...

bend

buckle

shear

twist

When you put your hands on your desk and put all your weight on them - then try to move
them forward your hand (much like a structure) resists movement forward because of ...

static forces

kinetic forces

external forces

frictional forces

The 7 wonders of the Ancient World took many years to complete, but they lasted a very long time. Why
do you think that the Statue of Zeus at Olympia lasted so long?

It was sheltered in a valley.

It was protected by the Greek Gods.

It was made of gold and ivory, which resists corrosion.

It was made of reinforced concrete and sealed with epoxy.

The strongest structural shape is a...

square

circle

triangle

rectangle

When a structure has a single horizontal load-bearing beam, supported by two columns - one at each
end, the beam will likely bend in the middle (A box and girder bridge spanning a river is a good example). This bending exerts pressure outward on the vertical supporting beams. To strengthen this bridge, so that heavy vehicle can cross it, you should ...

reinforce the columns at both ends with braces

place additional columns in the middle

use a double cantilever design

utilize flying buttresses

An arch, which is a common shape in bridges, can support large loads. This is possible because the
force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation, from this point in the arch ...

loadstone

keystone

column

cantilever

Beams are common components in a wide range of structures. The advantage of I beams is that they
have a lot of strength but have less of this compared to simple beams ...

shape

mass

tension

girder

Structural stability requires that a variety of materials should to be utilized to avoid deformation and
structural failure. In a hang-glider the way that helps to reduce internal forces, such as tension,
compression and shear, on the component parts is to ...

distribute the load evenly

direct the forces along angled components

shape the parts for the forces they are likely to face

place lighter materials above heavier materials

Auto safety designers and inspectors to identify impact points when material fails in a collision use crash test dummies. When the car is rammed into a solid wall, the front end buckles. This happens to better protect the Crash test dummies (us) in a real accident. The metal deforms because of the energy it absorbs in the impact. Designers ...

do this on purpose to ensure the material buckles.

identify the weaknesses and try to fix them.

determine what materials buckle the least.

identify where the front end needs more reinforcement.

Gr. 7 - Structures & Forces: Section 2.0 Quiz

Gr. 7 - Structures & Forces: Section 2.0 Quiz

Section 2 – External and Internal Forces Act on Structures

Section 2 – External and Internal Forces Act on Structures

A force is a push or a pull that tends to cause an object to change its...

The actual effect of a force depends on three things: the magnitude, or size of the force; the direction ofthe force; and ...

In structural drawings, arrows represent forces. A force that is being applied to a heavy box to lift it off the ground would be shown by the following arrow ...

A large force is applied to a freezer to move it up a ramp to the second floor, where a smaller force isused to push it to the window, and a very large force is needed to lift it up, to put it off balance, so it falls out the window and is demolished on the sidewalk below.

An external force is a force applied to a structure by ...

Identify which structure would have the greatest stability, because of its centre of gravity.

A student compared his mass and weight in two different places (Vancouver and Banff). Which statement is correct?

Weight is a force that is measured by the gravitational pull on the object. It is usually measured in ...

Symmetry is a balanced arrangement of mass that occurs on opposite sides of a line or plane, or arounda centre or axis. The force of gravity acting on each side is the same. Which of the following illustrationsis symmetrical?

Which of the following structures would have the greatest stablility?

An external force on a structure is called a ...

This bridge cannot perform its function any longer because it has collapsed. One ofthe probable causes of the failure of this structure was the actual weight of the bridge, whichcould not be supported by its suspension cables. This type of load is called ...

A dynamic load on this train bridge is the ...

Designers generally use three key methods to help structures withstand forces. They include all of themethods below, EXCEPT for ...

When engineers build bridges, they take two conditions into account: what the bridge is crossing andwhat kinds of loads it will support, to decide which type of bridge will best suit the situation. Which type of bridge would engineers suggest to withstand very heavy loads?

How well a structure will hold up under a load is important for cost, efficiency and ...

Performance requirements are the guiding principles that engineers use to design structures. Maximumweight that the structure can support is expressed as ...

Internal forces are classified by the direction in which they act within an object. A force that acts to push parts of the object in contact with each other in opposite directions is this kind of internal force ...

When a solid material is compressed, small microscopic cracks in the material can enlarge or break apart. This can cause one section of the material to break away from the other part. This action is called ...

Structures fail for a number of reasons. Engineers, study failed structures so they can design stronger,more durable structures. A flagpole that has been blown over in a strong wind happens because of theincreased force that is applied to the ...

Metal fatigue happens because metal is ...

Complementary forces happen when different kinds of forces act on a structure at the same time. Anexample of a complementary force is ...

When you put your hands on your desk and put all your weight on them - then try to movethem forward your hand (much like a structure) resists movement forward because of ...

The 7 wonders of the Ancient World took many years to complete, but they lasted a very long time. Whydo you think that the Statue of Zeus at Olympia lasted so long?

The strongest structural shape is a...

An arch, which is a common shape in bridges, can support large loads. This is possible because theforce of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation, from this point in the arch ...

Beams are common components in a wide range of structures. The advantage of I beams is that theyhave a lot of strength but have less of this compared to simple beams ...

Structural stability requires that a variety of materials should to be utilized to avoid deformation andstructural failure. In a hang-glider the way that helps to reduce internal forces, such as tension,compression and shear, on the component parts is to ...

The actual effect of a force depends on three things: the magnitude, or size of the force; the direction of
the force; and ...

A large force is applied to a freezer to move it up a ramp to the second floor, where a smaller force is
used to push it to the window, and a very large force is needed to lift it up, to put it off balance, so it falls out the window and is demolished on the sidewalk below.

Symmetry is a balanced arrangement of mass that occurs on opposite sides of a line or plane, or around
a centre or axis. The force of gravity acting on each side is the same. Which of the following illustrations
is symmetrical?

This bridge cannot perform its function any longer because it has collapsed. One of
the probable causes of the failure of this structure was the actual weight of the bridge, which
could not be supported by its suspension cables. This type of load is called ...

Designers generally use three key methods to help structures withstand forces. They include all of the
methods below, EXCEPT for ...

When engineers build bridges, they take two conditions into account: what the bridge is crossing and
what kinds of loads it will support, to decide which type of bridge will best suit the situation. Which type of bridge would engineers suggest to withstand very heavy loads?

Performance requirements are the guiding principles that engineers use to design structures. Maximum
weight that the structure can support is expressed as ...

Structures fail for a number of reasons. Engineers, study failed structures so they can design stronger,
more durable structures. A flagpole that has been blown over in a strong wind happens because of the
increased force that is applied to the ...

Complementary forces happen when different kinds of forces act on a structure at the same time. An
example of a complementary force is ...

When you put your hands on your desk and put all your weight on them - then try to move
them forward your hand (much like a structure) resists movement forward because of ...

The 7 wonders of the Ancient World took many years to complete, but they lasted a very long time. Why
do you think that the Statue of Zeus at Olympia lasted so long?

An arch, which is a common shape in bridges, can support large loads. This is possible because the
force of the load is carried down through the arch to the foundation, from this point in the arch ...

Beams are common components in a wide range of structures. The advantage of I beams is that they
have a lot of strength but have less of this compared to simple beams ...

Structural stability requires that a variety of materials should to be utilized to avoid deformation and
structural failure. In a hang-glider the way that helps to reduce internal forces, such as tension,
compression and shear, on the component parts is to ...