a planet orbiting a star other than our Sun
large, cold interstellar clouds with diameters of dozens of light-years and typical masses of 105 solar masses; found in the spiral arms of galaxies, these clouds are where stars form
luminous knots of gas in an area of star formation that are set to glow by jets of material from a protostar
a planet that is intermediate between the largest terrestrial planet in our solar system (Earth) and the smallest jovian planet (Neptune); generally, mini-Neptunes have sizes between 2.8 and 4 times Earth’s size
a very young star still in the process of formation, before nuclear fusion begins
the outflow of gas, sometimes at speeds as high as hundreds of kilometers per second, from a star
a planet larger than Earth, generally between 1.4 and 2.8 times the size of our planet
when one astronomical object moves in front of another