Unit 7 Day 11 Ch. 9 & 10 Test Review

4

The best experiments are:
Hint, find four answers, even though the dot turns green if only 3 are chosen.

6

Placebos are used for:
Select all that apply.

Sampling

Blocking

Blinding

Randomization

4

The purpose of blinding is to:

Allow for a more random sample to be generated.

Control for differences in experimental units.

Keep anyone who can affect the outcome of the experiment from causing bias in the results.

Provide a baseline measurement to compare the treatment groups to.

4

The purpose of a placebo can also be to:

Keep anyone who can affect the outcome of the experiment from causing bias in the results.

Provide a baseline measurement to compare the treatment groups to.

Allow for a more random sample to be generated.

Control for differences in experimental units.

4

The purpose of randomization in experimental studies is to:

Allow for a more random sample to be generated.

Equalize the effect of differences in experimental units across all treatment groups.

Provide a baseline measurement to compare the treatment groups to.

Keep anyone who can affect the outcome of the experiment from causing bias in the results.

4

The purpose of blocking is to:

Control for differences in experimental units.

Allow for a more random sample to be generated.

Keep anyone who can affect the outcome of the experiment from causing bias in the results.

Provide a baseline measurement to compare the treatment groups to.

4

Where is randomization involved in the following:

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Experimental Studies		When selecting the subjects.
Observational Studies		When placing the subjects into treatment groups
Sample Survey		Randomization may not be used.

4

After menopause some women take supplemental estrogen. There is concern that if these women also drink alcohol their estrogen levels will rise too high.
An experiment was performed to observe the effect of alcohol on estrogen levels in women.
12 volunteers who were receiving supplemental estrogen were randomly divided into 2 groups.
12 additional volunteers who were not receiving estrogen were also randomly divided into 2 groups.
In each case, one group drank an alcoholic beverage, the other non-alcoholic.
An hour later everyone’s estrogen level was measured. Only those on supplemental estrogen showed a marked increase.
How many factors are being studied/manipulated in this experiment?
What is/are the factor (s)?

4

After menopause some women take supplemental estrogen. There is concern that if these women also drink alcohol their estrogen levels will rise too high.
An experiment was performed to observe the effect of alcohol on estrogen levels in women.
12 volunteers who were receiving supplemental estrogen were randomly divided into 2 groups.
12 additional volunteers who were not receiving estrogen were also randomly divided into 2 groups.
In each case, one group drank an alcoholic beverage, the other non-alcoholic.
An hour later everyone’s estrogen level was measured. Only those on supplemental estrogen showed a marked increase.
How many levels/treatments are there of the factor?
What are they?

5

Randomization in sample selection is very important in the collection of data to ensure the sample is representative of the population we are studying.
How is randomization included in each of the sampling methods?

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Simple Random Sample (SRS)		There is no randomization in this method.
Systematic		The subjects are each randomly chosen with a Random Number Generator. Each one has an equal chance of being chosen.
Cluster Sample		Subjects are first grouped by similar characteristics, then a set amount are randomly chosen from each group.
Convenience Sample		Subjects are grouped into smaller representative groups, then a set amount of groups are randomly chosen and each member of the group is surveyed.
Stratified Random Sample		A random starting point is selected by a random number generator then every nth person is part of the sample

4

What kind of survey results should never be trusted due to bias?

4

We need to survey a random sample of the 300 passengers on a flight to San Francisco from San Antonio. Name each sampling method below:

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
From the boarding list, randomly choose 5 people flying first class & 25 people flying economy.		Systematic
Randomly generate 30 seat numbers & survey the passengers who sit in that seat.		Simple Random Sample
Randomly select a seat position (rt. window, rt. center, rt. aisle, etc.) and survey all the passengers sitting in those seats.		Simple Random Sample
Pick every 10th passenger as people board the plane.		Cluster

4

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.
What kind of a sample is this?

4

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.
Was this a simple random sample?

No, because not all combinations of 100 toys could be selected.

Yes, because each toy produced had an equal chance to be selected.

No, because toys do not come off the assemble line at random.

Yes, because a stratified sample is a type of random sample.

Yes, because the toys were selected at random.

4

The owner of a car dealership planned to develop strategies to increase sales. He hoped to learn the reasons why many people who visit his car lot do not eventually buy a car from him.
For one month he asked his sales staff to keep a list of the names and addresses of everyone who came in to test drive a car. At the end of the month he sent surveys to the people who did not buy the car, asking them why. About one third of them returned the survey, with 44% ofthem indicating that they found a lower price elsewhere.
Which are true?

This survey design suffered from response bias.

Because it comes from a sample, 44% is a parameter not a statistics.

The population of interest is all potential car buyers.

The population of interest is all potential car buyers from the city where the dealership is located.

This survey design suffered from non-response bias.

4

Which statement(s) about bias is/are true?
Select all that apply:
Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

Bias can be reduced by using randomization when selecting a sample.

Bias is usually reduced when sample sizes are larger.

Bias results from sampling methods that over or under emphasize some characteristics of the population.

Bias results from a sampling method likely to produce samples that do not represent the population.

Bias results from random variance and will always be present.

4

The City Council decides to conduct a telephone poll. Pollsters ask a carefully chosen random sample of adults this question:
'Do you favor the construction of a new prison to deal with the high level of violent crime in Texas?'
In what way might the proportion of 'yes' answers fail to accurately reflect true public opinion?
What kind of bias is this?

The proportion of yes answers will be too low due to the wording of the question, it includes 'the high level of violent crime in Texas.'

Response Bias

Volunteer Response Bias

The proportion of yes answers will be too high due to the wording of the question, it includes 'the high level of violent crime in Texas.'

Convenience Bias

Nonresponse Bias

4

Which is important in the designing of a good experiment?
Select all that apply:
Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

randomization in assigning subjects to treatment groups.

Blinding all groups that can affect the outcome of the experiment to reduce bias.

randomization in selecting subjects to be part of the study.

Replication of the experiment on a sufficient number of subjects.

Control of potentially confounding variables.

4

Marketing researchers wonder if the color of a candy's packaging may influence sales of the candy. they manufacture test packages for chocolate mints in three colors (white, green, and silver).
The reseawrchers prepare three different packages, then market them for several weeks in convenience stores in various locations.
In this experiment what are the experimental units?

4

Marketing researchers wonder if the color of a candy's packaging may influence sales of the candy. they manufacture test packages for chocolate mints in three colors (white, green, and silver).
The researchers prepare three different packages, then market them for several weeks in convenience stores in various locations.
In this experiment what is/are the factor(s)?

4

Marketing researchers wonder if the color of a candy's packaging may influence sales of the candy. they manufacture test packages for chocolate mints in three colors (white, green, and silver).
The researchers prepare three different packages, then market them for several weeks in convenience stores in various locations.
In this experiment what is the response variable?

Packages of candy

Customers

Color of the candy packages

The sales level of each type of package

4

Marketing researchers wonder if the color of a candy's packaging may influence sales of the candy. they manufacture test packages for chocolate mints in three colors (white, green, and silver).
The researchers prepare three different packages, then market them for several weeks in convenience stores in various locations.
In this experiment what is/are the factor levels(treatments)?

4

An article in a local newspaper reported that dogs kept as pets tend to be overweight. Veterinarians say that a combination of both diet and exercise will help these chubby dogs get in shape.
The verterinarians propose three different diets and two different exercise programs:
Diet A: owners control the portions of dog food & dog treats
Diet B: A mixture of fresh vegetables with the regular dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Diet C: A mixture of fresh vegetables with low calorie dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Exercise Plan 1: three 30-minute walks a week
Exercise Plan 2: 20-minute walks daily
What is/are the factor(s) in this experimental study?

4

An article in a local newspaper reported that dogs kept as pets tend to be overweight. Veterinarians say that a combination of both diet and exercise will help these chubby dogs get in shape.
The verterinarians propose three different diets and two different exercise programs:
Diet A: owners control the portions of dog food & dog treats
Diet B: A mixture of fresh vegetables with the regular dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Diet C: A mixture of fresh vegetables with low calorie dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Exercise Plan 1: three 30-minute walks a week
Exercise Plan 2: 20-minute walks daily
How many levels are in this experimental study?

4

An article in a local newspaper reported that dogs kept as pets tend to be overweight. Veterinarians say that a combination of both diet and exercise will help these chubby dogs get in shape.
The verterinarians propose three different diets and two different exercise programs:
Diet A: owners control the portions of dog food & dog treats
Diet B: A mixture of fresh vegetables with the regular dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Diet C: A mixture of fresh vegetables with low calorie dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Exercise Plan 1: three 30-minute walks a week
Exercise Plan 2: 20-minute walks daily
How many treatment groups are in this experimental study?

4

An article in a local newspaper reported that dogs kept as pets tend to be overweight. Veterinarians say that a combination of both diet and exercise will help these chubby dogs get in shape.
The verterinarians propose three different diets and two different exercise programs:
Diet A: owners control the portions of dog food & dog treats
Diet B: A mixture of fresh vegetables with the regular dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Diet C: A mixture of fresh vegetables with low calorie dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Exercise Plan 1: three 30-minute walks a week
Exercise Plan 2: 20-minute walks daily
What are the subjects/experimental units in this experimental study?

4

An article in a local newspaper reported that dogs kept as pets tend to be overweight. Veterinarians say that a combination of both diet and exercise will help these chubby dogs get in shape.
The verterinarians propose three different diets and two different exercise programs:
Diet A: owners control the portions of dog food & dog treats
Diet B: A mixture of fresh vegetables with the regular dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Diet C: A mixture of fresh vegetables with low calorie dog food & substitute regular dog treats with baby carrots
Exercise Plan 1: three 30-minute walks a week
Exercise Plan 2: 20-minute walks daily
What is the response variable in this experimental study?

4

How could blocking be used in the above experiment?
Select all that apply.

Group dogs based on their age.

Don't tell the researchers what diet or exercise plan the dog is receiving

Group dogs based on their breed or size.

Don't tell the dogs what dog food or exercise plan they are receiving.

4

How could blinding be used in the above experiment?
Select all that apply.

Group dogs based on their breed or size.

Group dogs based on their age.

Don't tell the dogs what dog food or exercise plan they are receiving.

Don't tell the researchers what diet or exercise plan the dog is receiving

4

How would randomization be used in the above experiment?

randomly choose dogs from a veterinary clinic

randomly choose dog owners from a response to the newspaper article

using a list of dogs randomly assign the dogs to one of the 6 treatment groups

randomly choose a veterinary clinic and use all the dogs at the clinic

Unit 7 Day 11 Ch. 9 & 10 Test Review

The best experiments are:Hint, find four answers, even though the dot turns green if only 3 are chosen.

Placebos are used for:Select all that apply.

The purpose of blinding is to:

The purpose of a placebo can also be to:

The purpose of randomization in experimental studies is to:

The purpose of blocking is to:

Where is randomization involved in the following:

Randomization in sample selection is very important in the collection of data to ensure the sample is representative of the population we are studying.How is randomization included in each of the sampling methods?

What kind of survey results should never be trusted due to bias?

We need to survey a random sample of the 300 passengers on a flight to San Francisco from San Antonio. Name each sampling method below:

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.What kind of a sample is this?

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.Was this a simple random sample?

Which statement(s) about bias is/are true?Select all that apply:Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

Which is important in the designing of a good experiment?Select all that apply:Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

How could blocking be used in the above experiment?Select all that apply.

How could blinding be used in the above experiment?Select all that apply.

How would randomization be used in the above experiment?

The best experiments are:Hint, find four answers, even though the dot turns green if only 3 are chosen.

Placebos are used for:Select all that apply.

The purpose of blinding is to:

The purpose of a placebo can also be to:

The purpose of randomization in experimental studies is to:

The purpose of blocking is to:

Where is randomization involved in the following:

Randomization in sample selection is very important in the collection of data to ensure the sample is representative of the population we are studying.How is randomization included in each of the sampling methods?

What kind of survey results should never be trusted due to bias?

We need to survey a random sample of the 300 passengers on a flight to San Francisco from San Antonio. Name each sampling method below:

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.What kind of a sample is this?

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.Was this a simple random sample?

Which statement(s) about bias is/are true?Select all that apply:Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

Which is important in the designing of a good experiment?Select all that apply:Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

How could blocking be used in the above experiment?Select all that apply.

How could blinding be used in the above experiment?Select all that apply.

How would randomization be used in the above experiment?

The best experiments are:
Hint, find four answers, even though the dot turns green if only 3 are chosen.

Placebos are used for:
Select all that apply.

Randomization in sample selection is very important in the collection of data to ensure the sample is representative of the population we are studying.
How is randomization included in each of the sampling methods?

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.
What kind of a sample is this?

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.
Was this a simple random sample?

Which statement(s) about bias is/are true?
Select all that apply:
Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

Which is important in the designing of a good experiment?
Select all that apply:
Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

How could blocking be used in the above experiment?
Select all that apply.

How could blinding be used in the above experiment?
Select all that apply.

The best experiments are:
Hint, find four answers, even though the dot turns green if only 3 are chosen.

Placebos are used for:
Select all that apply.

Randomization in sample selection is very important in the collection of data to ensure the sample is representative of the population we are studying.
How is randomization included in each of the sampling methods?

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.
What kind of a sample is this?

A factory has 20 assembly lines producing a popular toy. To inspect a representative sample of 100 toys, quality control staff randomly selected 5 toys from each line's output.
Was this a simple random sample?

Which statement(s) about bias is/are true?
Select all that apply:
Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

Which is important in the designing of a good experiment?
Select all that apply:
Hint, there are 4, even though the dot turns green at 3.

How could blocking be used in the above experiment?
Select all that apply.

How could blinding be used in the above experiment?
Select all that apply.