Microevolution Practice - Kate Turner | Library

Do not do this until we discuss it in class.

When you are done you should click submit and compare your answers to mine (which will show up when you click submit). 

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Your golden retriever is an example of an …

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All of the golden retrievers in your neighborhood are an example of a …

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All of the golden retrievers in Rhode Island are an example of a …

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All of the dogs across the globe that can mate with each other are all a part of the same …

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There is a population of seals in a remote village in Canada. You are observing their coloration from 2000 to 2021. If you calculate allele frequencies of the population in 2000 and 2021 and there is a change in the allele frequencies, this would be an example of …

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If this process (from the previous question) was occurring in a species as a whole (not just a population) this would be an example of …

The rest of these questions are examples of microevolution. You should identify which type of microevolution the example describes and explain your answer in a few sentences. Remember, when you are done you should click submit and look at my answers to compare.

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There is a population of moss that lives on either side of a mountain. The moss on the north side of the mountain are dark green and the moss on the south side are light green. While you are hiking on the south side you put your backpack down and some light green moss gets into your bag. Once you get to the north side some of that moss falls off. After a few years the north side of the mountain now has light and dark green moss.

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Explain your answer (write 2-3 solid sentences with vocabulary):

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There is a MASSIVE sink hole that opens up in Australia that causes a population of rats to be separated (not many of them die). Some of the rats were displaced onto a northern part of the hole where there hadn't been rats before. The original population of rats had both long and short tails. The new population has mostly long tails. After a few years that new population has a much higher frequency of long tails than short.

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Explain your answer (write 2-3 solid sentences with vocabulary):

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A group of mountain goats are living in Israel. These goats have different size ears (neither of which are favored). A violent storm hits their mountain and many of them are randomly killed. The new population of goats is much smaller the next day and is mostly made up of long eared goats.

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Explain your answer (write 2-3 solid sentences with vocabulary):

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A type of female tropical bird is more likely to mate with male birds with long, vibrant tails. The males with short, dull tails do not mate as often. Overtime there are more birds with long, vibrant tails. (you can only select one answer so select the answer that best fits even if there may be another correct answer that isn't listed here)

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Explain your answer (write 2-3 solid sentences with vocabulary):

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A population of deer with a variety of fur thicknesses in Vermont is facing colder winters recently. Deer with thicker fur are more likely to survive and after 5 years the majority of the deer in the population have thicker coats than was noted 5 years before.

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Explain your answer (write 2-3 solid sentences with vocabulary):

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For the previous question (about the deer), which of the following graphs might best represent the process that occured? NOTE: the dotted line is the original population and the solid line is the population after 5 years.

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Sort the following:

If fur thickness was the trait it would involve BOTH the thin and thick fur organisms being the fittest
Involves both extremes being favored (not necessarily because of female selection)
Involves females selecting males based on their traits
Involves one extreme trait being favored (not necessarily because of female selection)
If fur thickness was the trait it would involve NEITHER of the thin or thick fur organisms being the fittest but rather the medium fur thickness
If fur thickness was the trait it would involve EITHER the thin or thick fur organisms being the fittest
Involves the medium trait being favored (not necessarily because of female selection)

Sexual Selection
Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Diversifying Selection

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Sort the following (one of them needs to be put into two different categories but the rest only fit into one):

Involves a trait increasing in frequency because it is favorable
Involves the formation of a small, new population that does not necessarily represent the allele frequencies of the original population
Is caused by a dramatic reduction in population size that causes allele frequency to change
Increases diversity of a population, but decreases variation between populations
Leads to a change in allele frequency over time due to chance that decreases genetic diversity (this will be sorted into two different categories)
Involves the movement of individuals of the same species from one population to another

Natural selection
Bottleneck effect
Founders effect
Gene flow

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Sort the following into the category that fits best:

A population of birds with either very large or very small beaks thrives, as large beaks crack hard seeds and small beaks access small seeds, while medium beaks are inefficient for both.
In a population of robins, eggs of intermediate size hatch more often than very small or very large eggs.
Male peacocks with the largest and most colorful tails attract more mates, leading to more peacocks with extravagant tails over generations.
Human babies with an average birth weight have higher survival rates than those born very small or very large.
Rabbits with either very light or very dark fur are better camouflaged in patchy snow-and-rock environments, while medium-colored rabbits are more visible to predators.
In a population of giraffes, individuals with longer necks survive better during a drought because they can reach higher leaves, leading to a shift toward longer necks over time.
A population of moths becomes darker in color over generations as industrial soot darkens the trees they rest on, making darker moths less likely to be eaten.
Female frogs choose males that produce the loudest croaks, causing louder croaking to become more common in the population.

Directional Selection
Diversifying Selection
Stabilizing Selection

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Sort the following into the category that fits best:

A hurricane wipes out most of a population of lizards, leaving only a few survivors who happen to have longer tails. Longer tails did not allow them to survive the hurricane.
A wolf from one pack migrates to another pack and mates, introducing new genetic variations into the second pack’s population.
A disease drastically reduces a cheetah population, leaving only a few individuals with a limited genetic variation to rebuild the population.
A small group of birds migrates to an isolated island and establishes a population with different traits, like smaller beaks, compared to the mainland population.
A few fruit flies are accidentally transported to a new region, and their descendants form a population with a unique genetic makeup.
Pollen from one population of flowers is carried by wind to a distant population, introducing new genetic traits.

Bottleneck Effect
Founder's Effect
Gene Flow