Unit 8 MCQ Exam

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Nitrates (NO₃⁻)

Nitrogen oxides (NO_x)

Antifreeze is more toxic than aspirin

Table salt is the most toxic substance in the table

Aspirin is less toxic than vinegar

Table salt is more toxic than vinegar

Malaria

Zika

Tuberculosis

Cholera

Heavy metals

A carcinogen

An endocrine disruptor

Nitrogen fertilizers

A

B

C

D

50 g/cm³

500 g/cm³

1,000 g/cm³

1,500 g/cm³

Extensive use of pesticides accelerates the rate at which succession occurs in agricultural areas

Pests and other organisms affected by the pesticide are permanently removed from the area where the pesticide is applied

Pesticides may harm organisms other than the target crop pests through biomagnification in the food web

Crops grow more quickly without pests present, taking up water quickly and leading to salinization of soils.

Water sampled later in the day may be warmer and therefore have higher dissolved oxygen levels

Water sampled later in the day may be warmer and therefore have lower dissolved oxygen levels

Water sampled later in the day may have decreased macroinvertebrate respiration and therefore lower dissolved oxygen levels

Water sampled later in the day may have increased macroinvertebrate respiration and therefore higher dissolved oxygen levels

A

B

C

D

Macroinvertebrates can be collected to evaluate the effect of various test parameters such as dissolved oxygen, nitrites, and pH at the time that the sample was taken.

Macroinvertebrates are top predators, so they are often used in determining whether toxins will bioaccumulate or biomagnify in an aquatic environment.

Macroinvertebrates live in an aquatic ecosystem for a long enough time to show the chronic effects of pollutants, and many tend to remain in the same area throughout their life span.

Macroinvertebrates migrate long distances to feed or reproduce, and they have a low tolerance to pollutants.

Dysentery

Cholera

Mesothelioma

Asthma

A

B

C

D

The temperature of the released water causes a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the reservoir

Ash from the power plant is dissolved in the released water and will precipitate out into the reservoir

The released water is radioactive and is lethal to a variety of organisms in the reservoir

Chemical pollutants in the released water cause algal blooms in the reservoir

Drainage from an abandoned mine

Overflow from a sewage treatment plant

Outgassing from a municipal landfill

Runoff from agricultural fields

Decomposers

Parasites

Primary producers

Secondary consumers

To determine how much O₂ the algae can produce

To show how much CO₂ is consumed by decomposition

To observe the effect of organic waste on DO

To collect data to determine how waste in water can be useful

Release radioactive isotopes when they decompose

Decompose to produce methane, which is explosive and creates a significant hazard

Decompose readily in water and become a source of water pollution

Decompose slowly, if at all, and persist as solid waste

Release of disease organisms

Leachate contamination of groundwater

Compaction and settling

Generation of CO₂ gas

Restoration

Preservation

Mitigation

Remediation

Absorbed by plants and then biomagnified in both terrestrial and aquatic food chains

Leached from landfills in the form of Al³⁺ ions that could increase the pH of lakes and streams

Produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from aluminum ore

Produced from ore that is scarce and found primarily in remote, inhospitable regions at high latitudes

Synergism

Biomagnification

Compound contamination

Threshold effect

Asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

Toxic pH levels in the water

A lack of sufficient minerals in the water

Toxic levels of mercury in the water

Promoting the use of reusable containers for consumer goods such as reuseable water bottles

Recovering plastic packaging material from the waste stream and recycling it

Using more packaging materials that are manufactured from raw materials that are renewable

Limiting the size of individual beverage containers made from metal, glass, or plastic

Acid precipitation

Factory effluent

Residential pesticide runoff

Agricultural runoff