Directions: Find the term the best matches the definitions and sentences below. On this quiz will use each term twice, once with the definition and once in a sentence. Be sure to use correct spelling.
Annex
Barricade
Boomtown
Constitution
Decree
Emigrant
Forty-niner
Incorporate
Joint occupation
Manifest Destiny
Mountain man
Prairie schooner
Ranchero
Rancho
Tejano
Vigilante
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1.
situation in which people from two countries can occupy an area
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2.
Many Texans wanted to join the United States. Southerners favored Texas ____________, but Northerners opposed admitting another slave state to the Union. President Martin Van Buren did not want to inflame the slavery issue or risk war with Mexico. He put off the question of taking control of Texas. John Tyler, who became president in 1841, supported Texas _______________. The Senate remained divided over the slavery issue and failed to ratify the ______________ treaty. (All the spaces are the same vocabulary term)
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3.
an adventurer of the American West
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4.
Rapid growth brought the need for better government. In 1849, Californians applied for statehood and wrote a _____________. The document's ban on slavery, however, caused a crisis in Congress. Southern states opposed California's admission. Congress eventually worked out a compromise by which California became a free state in 1850.
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5.
a canvas-covered wagon used by pioneers in the mid-1800s
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6.
By 1860 there were many Mormon communities, but Utah was not easily _____________ into the United States. Problems included the Mormon practice of polygamy and frequent conflicts with federal officials. In 1857 and 1858, war almost broke out between the Mormons and the United States Army. Utah did not become a state until 1896, after the Mormons officially gave up the practice of polygamy.
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7.
the belief that the United States was destined by God to extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean
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8.
Mining camps contained men of all backgrounds but few women. Lonely and suffering hardships, many men spent their free hours drinking, gambling, and fighting. Mining towns had no police or prisons. As a result, citizens known as ___________ formed committees to protect themselves. These citizens took the law into their own hands and acted as police, judge, jury, and sometimes executioner.
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9.
a Texan of Latin, often Mexican, descent
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10.
When gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in 1848, people from all over the world traveled to California in search of riches. Those who arrived in 1849 were called_______________. As one official reported, "The farmers have thrown aside their plows, the lawyers their briefs, the doctors their pills, the priests their prayer books, and all are now digging gold."
Americans made up about 80%. Others came from Mexico, South America, Europe, and Australia. About 300 men arrived from China, the first large group of Asian immigrants to settle in America. Although some eventually returned to China, others remained and established California's Chinese American community.
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11.
official order
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12.
to block off
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13.
In 1821 Mexico won independence from Spain. Mexico controlled the land that is now Texas. At the time, the non-Native American population of Texas was about 3,000. Most of these people were ____________, or Mexicans who claimed Texas as their home. Wishing to increase settlement, Mexico offered vast tracts of land to people who would agree to bring families to settle there—as citizens of Mexico. Stephen F. Austin brought 300 American families to settle in Texas. Austin's success made him a leader among the American settlers.
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14.
Native Americans worked the land in return for food and shelter. ________ treated Native Americans almost like slaves.
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15.
ranch, especially the large estates set up by Mexicans in the American West
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16.
a fast-growing community
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17.
In 1843 about a thousand emigrants made the journey. Tens of thousands more would follow in the years ahead. Before the difficult 2,000-mile (3,219 km) journey, these pioneers packed all their belongings. They stuffed their canvas-covered wagons with supplies. From a distance these wagons looked like ships at sea, and people called them _____________.
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18.
rancher, owner of a rancho
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19.
Cities also flourished during the Gold Rush. As ships arrived daily with gold seekers, San Francisco became a ____________, growing quickly from a tiny village to a city of about 20,000 people. ______________ merchants, however, made huge profits. They could charge whatever they liked for food and other essential items because there were no other nearby stores that sold these products. For example, an immigrant named Levi Strauss sold the miners sturdy pants made of denim. His "Levi's" made him rich. (Same term for both spaces)
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20.
fortune-seeker who came to California during the Gold Rush
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21.
In the 1840s, New York newspaper editor John O'Sullivan expressed in more specific words the idea of a national mission. O'Sullivan declared it was America's "_____________________to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us." O'Sullivan believed that the United States was clearly meant extend its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean by God's will.
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22.
person who acts as police, judge, and jury without formal legal authority
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23.
At first the fur merchants traded with the Native Americans. Gradually others joined the trade. These tough, independent men spent most of their time in the Rocky Mountains and were known as _____________. Many had Native American wives. They lived in buffalo-skin lodges and dressed in fringed buckskin pants, moccasins, and beads.
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24.
to include, absorb
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25.
After Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821, California became a Mexican state. Mexicans bought mission lands and set up huge ranches, or ______________.
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26.
a list of laws supporting a government
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27.
Drawn by reports of fertile Oregon land, and driven by economic hard times in the East, many Americans took to the trail. These pioneers were called ______________ because they left the United States to go to Oregon. In 1843 about a thousands made the journey. Tens of thousands more would follow in the years ahead.
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28.
In 1835 the conflict grew violent. Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna took an army into Texas to punish the rebels. In December of that year, the Texans captured the city of San Antonio from a larger Mexican force. Santa Anna was enraged. His army reached San Antonio in late February 1836. There it found a small Texan force __________________ inside a mission building called the Alamo.
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29.
to add a territory to one’s own territory
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30.
Dealing with Great Britain was more complicated. In 1818 Adams worked out an agreement with Britain for ______________________. This meant that people from both the United States and Great Britain could settle there. When Adams became president in 1825, he proposed that the two nations divide Oregon along the 49° N line of latitude. Britain refused, and the countries extended the_______________. (same vocabulary word for both spaces)
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31.
person who leaves his or her country to live somewhere else
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32.
At first, Mexico encouraged Americans to settle in Texas. Before long, Americans greatly outnumbered Tejanos. Tensions with Mexico developed when Americans refused to follow Mexico's rules. These included learning Spanish and becoming Catholic. Many Americans also had enslaved African Americans, which Mexico threatened to ban. In 1830 Mexico issued a __________________ closing its borders to further immigration.
