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*To say what is happening right now use the present progressive tense. To form the present progressive use the present tense of estar with a present participle.
To make a present participle:
chop off the ending
for –ar verbs: add –ando, for –er and –ir verbs: add -iendo
examples: cantar 🡪 cantando comer 🡪 comiendo
Ella está hablando. She is talking. Estamos comiendo. We are eating.
*When the stem of an –er or –ir verb ends in a vowel, form the present participle by changing the i in –iendo to a y: leer 🡪 leyendo. Other verbs with this change: traer, construir. It's to avoid OldMacDonald, like with the él/ella/usted and ellos(as)/ustedes forms in the preterite.
*The participles of stem-changing –ir verbs like pedir, dormir and servir & decir change:
dormir 🡪 durmiendo servir 🡪 sirviendo, decir --> diciendo
**When using a reflexive verb in the present progressive, the same rules apply for where to put the pronoun: before a conjugated verb (in this case estar) or after & attached to the participle.
examples: She is going to bed. Ella se está acostando. OR Ella está acostándose. They both mean the same thing.
When you place the pronun after & attached to the participle, count back 3 syllables and add an accent on the vowel.
