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4H-formative reading 3: Open-ended questions

Last updated about 3 years ago
10 questions
This test focuses on open-ended questions and true/false questions. Good Luck

Total recall

adapted from an article by PATRICIA COHEN

1 A group of scientists, led by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia, wondered whether people were less likely to memorise information that could be easily retrieved from a computer, just as students are more likely to recall facts they believe will be on a test.

2 Dr Sparrow and her collaborators, Daniel M. Wegner of Harvard and Jenny Liu of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, staged different experiments. In one, participants typed 40 bits of trivia – for example, “an ostrich’s eye is bigger than its brain” – into a computer. Half of the subjects believed the information would be saved in the computer; the other half believed the items they typed would be erased. The subjects were significantly more likely to memorise information if they thought they would not be able to find it later.

3 The experiment explores the notion that we rely on our family, friends and co-workers as well as reference material to store information for us. “I love watching baseball,” Dr Sparrow said. “But I know my husband knows baseball facts, so when I want to know something I ask him, and I don’t bother to memorise it.”

4 “The Internet’s effects on memory are still largely unexplored,” Dr Sparrow said, adding that her experiments had led her to conclude that the Internet has become our primary external storage system. “Human memory is adapting to new communications technology,” she said. The New York Times, 2011
1

Citeer de eerste twee woorden van de zin waarin de uitkomst van Dr Sparrows onderzoek voor het eerst genoemd wordt.

1

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true according to paragraphs 3 and 4?

1 People like sharing confidential information with family and friends on the Internet.

2 The Internet helps people to improve their capacity to remember.

US coffee shops pull plug on laptop lounging


(1) AT THE RECENTLY OPENED Café Green on New York’s First Avenue, owner Yanni Belin was preparing to add the final touch yesterday. At last, the guys were coming to install his wireless internet in the kitchen that divides the front seating area from a small garden at the back.

(2) This seems like a smart move. Customers surfing the web and sipping coffee go well together. But Mr Belin is quick to clarify. “Oh, no, the internet is going to be for me, not the customers.” Offering it for free couldn’t be further from his mind. Students and doctors from a nearby hospital would come in, switch on and take up tables for hours while maybe spending just a few measly dollars. “If they want to do that they can go round the corner to Starbucks,” he said.

(3) Actually, it turns out he is not resisting the trend, but joining it. More and more independent café owners in New York, already squeezed by the recession, are choosing to discourage laptop fans. They may buy one coffee and a bun but thereafter they are space and power freeloaders.

(4) Bruce Taz, who until last year ran the Broken Cup around the corner from the Green Café, did not ban computers outright when customers discovered they could tap into a wireless signal elsewhere in his building. But they knew not to hang around too long if they weren’t spending. One clue: Bruce had taped over his electric plugs.

(5) At Irving 71 Place, owner Muffin Spencer rolls her eyes at the mere mention of the bloggers and browsers. She refuses to provide free internet and also actively discourages customers from reaching down for their laptops. “We don’t have room for that,” she says.

(6) Similar tales of internet hostility can be found throughout New York. On the Upper East Side, M. Rohrs’ House of Fine Teas and Coffees started charging $3 an hour for even powering up a computer. The owners posted a sign that said: “Warning: theft of electrical service is prohibited.”

(7) None of this impresses Tehu Ifa, 59, an author and college professor, who admits to spending roughly two hours a day at his local Starbucks, which like most branches in the chain, offers a wireless connection free of charge. Typically he works on his laptop there, sipping on a single short coffee. A former resident of Paris, Mr Ifa sneered at owners taking up arms against surfers like him. “It’s so American, don’t you think? Everything is always about turnover. In Paris, if you suggested doing this, they would laugh you right out the door. They should relax.”

(8) For now, he probably has no reason to worry. Free wireless hot spots abound outdoors in the city, including a new area for surfers in Madison Square Park. For the winter, he has Starbucks. Unless they switch sides and yank the internet cord too.
1

“US coffee shops pull plug on laptop lounging” (titel) In welke zin wordt voor het eerst een reden hiervoor gegeven? Citeer de eerste twee woorden van deze zin.

1

“Actually, it turns out he is not resisting the trend, but joining it.” (alinea 3) selecteer de de volgende citaten die een voorbeeld zijn van de bovengenoemde trend.

1

“They should relax.” (paragraph 7) Which of the following does “They” refer to?

Stuck on you


Tim Burton and Johnny Depp have a successful screen marriage, but Andrew Collins would prefer it if they saw other people a bit more

1 Tim Burton loves Johnny Depp. “Johnny is like a character actor in a leading man’s body,” he once gushed. “He could do it all.” Johnny Depp loves Tim Burton, too. “My life is my life because of Tim,” he once declared. As you can see, they are really mad about each other.

2 They have a working director-actor relationship that Depp likens to “emotional shorthand”. It’s said that when they work together on a film, which happens quite often, and Burton is giving his pet actor directions, the crew can’t actually understand what they’re saying to each other.

3 Don’t get me wrong, I like Johnny Depp, and I like Tim Burton – who wouldn’t? One’s a singularly charismatic and courageous actor, the other a visionary and entertaining film-maker. But am I the only person who’s getting a bit bored with their inseparable-lovers act?

4 Their first film together was Edward Scissorhands, the suburban-gothic fantasy based on a character Burton had drawn as a child. Depp brought that sketch to life, and the two became cinematically joined at the hip. They’ve since made five films together: Ed Wood; Sleepy Hollow; Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; the animated Corpse Bride (Depp provided the lead character’s voice); and Sweeney Todd.

5 Burton’s “reimagining” of Planet of the Apes felt odd without Depp in the main role – it went to the slightly dull Mark Wahlberg, so perhaps Burton needed a less showy actor for fear of upstaging the simians.

6 The film was a disappointment, so maybe Burton needs Depp to find his mojo. This doesn’t work the other way, as Depp has been wildly successful in the Pirates of the Caribbean films under director Gore Verbinski and has worked a few times with Terry Gilliam. He’s quite promiscuous, in fact.

7 When Burton’s weird and wonderful project Alice in Wonderland was announced for 2010, it was with some relief that I realised Depp couldn’t take the title role. But guess what? He’s playing the Mad Hatter. And after that, Burton plans to make Dark Shadows, a vampire story . . . starring Johnny Depp. Don’t tell Johnny, but for an imaginative director, Tim Burton rather lacks imagination.

Radio Times, 2009
1

Wordt er in dit artikel een voorbeeld genoemd van geslaagde films waarin Burton en Depp niet hebben samengewerkt? Zo nee, antwoord “Nee”. Zo ja, noteer het nummer van de alinea waarin dit wordt gedaan.

Alarm raised on teenage hackers

based on an article by Mark Ward

1 Increasing numbers of teenagers are starting to dabble in hi-tech crime, say experts. Computer security professionals say many net forums are populated by teenagers swapping credit card numbers, phishing kits and hacking tips. The poor technical skills of many young hackers mean they are very likely to get caught and arrested. Youth workers add that any teenager getting a criminal record would be putting their future at stake.

2 "I see kids of 11 and 12 sharing credit card details and asking for hacks," says Chris Boyd, director of malware research at FaceTime Security. Many teenagers get into low level crime by looking for exploits and cracks for their favourite computer games. Communities and forums spring up where people start to swap malicious programs, knowledge and sometimes stolen data. Some also look for exploits and virus codes that can be run against the social networking sites popular with many young people. Some then try to peddle or use the details or accounts they net in this way.

3 Mr Boyd spends a lot of time tracking down the creators of the nuisance programs written to exploit users of social networking sites and the culprit often is a teenager. Chris Boyd says that many of the young criminal hackers are undermined by their desire to win recognition for their exploits. Many post videos of what they have done on sites such as YouTube and sign on with the same alias used to hack a site, run a phishing attack or write a web exploit. Others share photos or other details of their life on other sites making it easy for computer security experts to track them down and get them shut down.

4 Mathew Bevan, a reformed hacker who was arrested as a teenager and then acquitted for his online exploits, says it is no surprise that young people are indulging in online crime. "It is about the thrill and power to prove they are somebody," he says. That also explains why they use an alias or online identity even when they know it to be compromised.

5 Graham Robb, a board member of the Youth Justice Board, says teenagers need to appreciate the risks they take by falling into hi-tech crime. "If they get a police record it stays with them. A Criminal Record Bureau check will throw that up and it could prevent access to jobs." Also, he adds, young people should consider the impact of actions carried out via the net and a computer. "Are they going to be
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“tracking down the creators of the nuisance programs” (alinea 3) In welke zin eerder in de tekst staat informatie waaruit blijkt dat dit vaak niet zo moeilijk is? Citeer de eerste twee woorden van de zin die deze informatie bevat.

1

“to win recognition for their exploits” (alinea 3) Citeer de eerste twee woorden van de zin die uitlegt waarom hackers dit willen.

Too many hang-ups

Anna Shepard

Question: I have so many coat hangers not even my local charity shop will take them. What should I do?

Answer: It’s funny you should ask. I stumbled on a way of reusing coat hangers just the other day. As I flicked through a copy of The Penny Pincher’s Book Revisited, a book about living frugally, I came across the following advice: “Use old coat hangers as skewers for cooking on the barbecue.” Good thinking, but I have my reservations. First, it’s a bit late in the year to try sliding cubes of lamb on to an item that previously supported your skirts. I’m also concerned that unwinding a metal hanger would create a long skewer that would be cumbersome to clean, unless you snipped it in half with pliers, thus making two skewers and showing an extra dose of frugality. Finally, given that research by YouGov revealed last week that many unwanted coat hangers are stashed away in UK homes, and that the vast majority of them go straight to the rubbish dump every year, you’d have to be extraordinarily devoted to your barbecue to make a dent in the surplus population. Fortunately, there are other options. If you hurry, you could take them to one of the 11 Marks & Spencer stores that are holding a coat hanger amnesty. Its ownbrand hangers will be reused in stores; hangers from other shops will be recycled and turned back into new coat hangers, with even the metal hooks being melted down and reused. Should you miss the boat, what about taking wire hangers to the dry-cleaners, a business that is always in need of more? While you’re there you could do your second eco-deed of the day and ask whether the shop has considered swapping to a greener cleaning method, such as the one pioneered by GreenEarth. It uses a less polluting silicon-based solvent. The Times, 2010
1

Wat gebeurt er volgens dit artikel met de meeste kleerhangers?

3

Welke drie mogelijke oplossingen om van je overbodige kleerhangers af te komen worden in deze tekst genoemd?