What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red where water is being filtered as it passes through the soil? (precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, infiltration)
Question 3
3.
Question 4
4.
Question 5
5.
What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red showing water moving from the surface to a body of water?
Scientific Notation—All APES students should be able to work comfortably with numbers in scientific notation.
Place the following numbers into scientific notation.
Question 39
39.
One billion
Question 40
40.
70 trillion
Percent Change—All APES students should be able to calculate the change in percent
(New-Old)/Old X 100
Question 41
41.
234 to 324
Question 42
42.
324 to 225
Question 43
43.
A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2015-2016?
Question 44
44.
A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2016-2017?
Question 45
45.
One BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one thousand gallons of water by 25°F?
Question 46
46.
Question 47
47.
Question 48
48.
Question 49
49.
Question 50
50.
The image above shows the water on the top of a lake turning into a gas and rising as the sun heats it. What step of the water cycle does this represent?
Condensation
Transpiration
Run off
Evaporation
The rain, snow, sleet, and hail in the picture above best represents what step of the water cycle?
Precipitation
Infiltration
condensation
Transpiration
Run off
CLOUDS best represent which step of the water cycle?
Run off
Precipitation
Transpiration
Infiltration
Condensation
Mr. Beeler asked the class to explain what infiltration is. Below are 3 students answer:
Maria: Infiltration is when plants lose water from their leaves
Joselyn: Infiltration is when water soaks into the soil
Sam: Infiltration is when water on the surface of the runs into a body of water like a lake
Which student do you agree with?
None of the students
Joselyn
Maria
Sam
What is infiltration?
Percolation (filtering through) of water from above ground to underground
Gravity causes water to fall from the sky
Solar radiation heating up liquid water and creating water vapor
Loss of water through their leaves
How do humans alter the water cycle?
Overuse it - use it faster than it can replenish itself
Draining and filling wetlands for farming or urban development increases the risk of flooding
Hard paved surfaces prevent recharing of groundwater reduces infiltration
Reduced shade causes more evaporation before it can infiltrate soil
Accelerate topsoil erosion
Increasing the power of sunlight through mirrors causes increased precipitation
Increase pollutants in runoff
Alter weather - deforestation reduces transpiration
Most of the earth's carbon is found where?
In Water
In the Atmosphere
On land
In fossils
Which is TRUE about photosynthesis
It is done by animals/consumers
It releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
It is when plants use carbon dioxide to make sugar
It happens when something is burned
How do consumers get the carbon they need?
By eating plants and animals
By breathing in carbon dioxide
By performing photosynthesis
By drinking water
When a person breaths out CO2 what process is involved?
Photosyntheis
Respiration
Combustion
Decomposition
When a tree dies bacteria and fungi break it down. What is this process called?
Decomposition/Decay
Atmosphereic Carbon
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Jonathan is talking about the process when carbon dioxide is absorbed into the ocean. What is the name of this process?
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Decay
Ocean Exchange
A forest fire is an example of:
Respiration
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Decomposition
How do humans alter the carbon cycle?
Increased concetration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (methane, water) are warming our planet and projected to charge Earth's climate
Clear cutting of carbon-absorbing vegetation (especially tropical rain forests) have released large amounts of carbon to the atmpsheore
Planting millions of trees increases the amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because of the increased photosynthesis
Extraction and burning of fossil fuels that have taken millions of years to form have released large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
What percent of the air is nitrogen?
60%
70%
78%
90%
What is assimilation?
Special bacteria found in the roots of plants to change nitrogen gas into a useable form
The process of plants and animals taken in nitrogen
Living things
The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds specifically
What happens to the nitrogen found in the remains of dead organisms?
It flies away
It turns into an animal
It is returned to the soil
What is assimilation?
Special bacteria found in the roots of plants to change nitrogen gas into a useable form
The process of plants and animals taken in nitrogen
Living things
The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds specifically
What is the major reservior of nitrogen?
Atmosphere
Soil
Oceans
Plants and animals
How does nitrogen get to the soil?
Rocks
Bacteria
Snow
Process by which ammonium is changed into nitrates by bacteria.
Fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Assimilation
Process when the plants absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots.
Fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Assimilation
Process when extra nitrogen in the soil is put back out into the air.
Fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Assimilation
Ammonification is part of the decaying process. When a plant or animal dies, decomposers like fungi and ________turn the nitrogen back in ammonium so it can reenter the nitrogen cycle.
Rock
Oxygen
Animal
Bacteria
Denitrification is performed by
Rock
Oxygen
Animal
Bacteria
How do humans alter the nitrogen cycle?
Harvesting of crops, irrigation, and burning or clearing of grasslands and forests can cause nitrogen to wash way from topsoil
Planting corn advances photosynthesis which absorbs nitrogen from the atmosphere
Agricultural runoff of fertilizers, animal manure, and sewage discharge add excess nitrates (NO3-) to bodies of water which can lead to eutrophication
Adding NOX to the atmospehre as we burn fossil fuels
Deforestation releases large quantities of nitrogen stored in soils and plants back to a gas
Anaerobic bacteria break down inorganic fertilizer or manure and contribute N2O to the atmosphere
What is the major reservoir of the phosphorus cycle?
Atmosphere
Ocean
Rocks and soil
Plants and animals
Why is Phosphorus an important molecule for life?
It makes up the cells
It makes up chloroplasts
It makes up DNA & ATP
It makes up the digestive system
How do animals receive phosphorus?
They consume it from plants or animals
They absorb it from water
They breathe it in
They absorb it from soil
How do plants receive phosphorus? (More than one choice)
They consume it from plants or animals
They absorb it from water
They absorb it from air
They absorb it from soil
What happens to Phosphorus that erodes from rock and soil?
The phosphorus becomes a part of the atmosphere
The phosphorus becomes a part of the animals
The phosphorus becomes a part of the plants
It mixes with oxygen to form phosphate and is a part of the water
What happens to the phosphates when plants and animals die?
It decomposes and returns to the soil or water
It vaporizes and returns to the atmosphere
It solidifies and becomes rock
What happens to the phosphorus that is carried by runoff to the oceans?
It is evaporated into the atmosphere
It settles to the bottom of the ocean as marine sediment
What is different about the Phosphorus cycle when compared to the water and carbon cycles?
There is no atmospheric component
There is no plant component
There is no animal component
There is no water component
Similar to the nitrogen cycle, excess phosphorus in water ecosystems can cause
Acid rain
Nitrogen fixation
Eutrophication (algal bloom) dead zones
Denitrification
How do humans alter the phosphorus cycle?
Phosphates accumulation as a gas and fall down to Earth in the form of precipiation
Runoff of soaps and detergents can lead to eutrophication in bodies of water
Clear cutting rain forests can cause phosphates to wash away
Mining phosphate salts which are added to fertilizers to add to agricultural fields can runoff and cause eutrophication
Radon has a half life of 3.8 days. After 7.6 days, 6 grams remain. What was the mass of the original sample?
6 grams
12 grams
24 grams
48 grams
pH is a scale that increases or decrease by 10x. How much more acidic is an acid of 4 versus water with a pH of 7?
10
100
1,000
10,000
Productivity
Gross Primary Production - Cellular Respiration = Net Primary Productivity
Gross Primary Productivity is 5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. Cellular respiration is 3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. What is the NPP?
8 g C/m2 or kJ/m2
2 g C/m2 or kJ/m2
5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2
3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2
Rule of 70
For doubling time.
A country has a growth rate of 2%. How many years will it take to double?
5 years
15 years
35 years
70 years
10% Rule
As energy moves up trophic levels, only 10% of the energy passes on, while 90% is lost to heat or other mechanisms.
If the producers starts with 10,000 kJ of energy, what is left for the secondary consumer?