Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

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1

The image above shows the water on the top of a lake turning into a gas and rising as the sun heats it. What step of the water cycle does this represent?

Condensation

Transpiration

Run off

Evaporation

1

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red where water is being filtered as it passes through the soil? (precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, infiltration)

1

The rain, snow, sleet, and hail in the picture above best represents what step of the water cycle?

1

CLOUDS best represent which step of the water cycle?

1

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red showing water moving from the surface to a body of water?
(percipitaion, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation)

1

Mr. Beeler asked the class to explain what infiltration is. Below are 3 students answer:

Maria: Infiltration is when plants lose water from their leaves
Joselyn: Infiltration is when water soaks into the soil
Sam: Infiltration is when water on the surface of the runs into a body of water like a lake
Which student do you agree with?

None of the students

Joselyn

Maria

Sam

1

What is infiltration?

Percolation (filtering through) of water from above ground to underground

Gravity causes water to fall from the sky

Solar radiation heating up liquid water and creating water vapor

Loss of water through their leaves

1

How do humans alter the water cycle?

Overuse it - use it faster than it can replenish itself

Draining and filling wetlands for farming or urban development increases the risk of flooding

Hard paved surfaces prevent recharing of groundwater reduces infiltration

Reduced shade causes more evaporation before it can infiltrate soil

Accelerate topsoil erosion

Increasing the power of sunlight through mirrors causes increased precipitation

Increase pollutants in runoff

Alter weather - deforestation reduces transpiration

Carbon Cycle

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1

Most of the earth's carbon is found where?

In Water

In the Atmosphere

On land

In fossils

1

Which is TRUE about photosynthesis

It is done by animals/consumers

It releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

It is when plants use carbon dioxide to make sugar

It happens when something is burned

1

How do consumers get the carbon they need?

By eating plants and animals

By breathing in carbon dioxide

By performing photosynthesis

By drinking water

1

When a person breaths out CO₂ what process is involved?

Photosyntheis

Respiration

Combustion

Decomposition

1

When a tree dies bacteria and fungi break it down. What is this process called?

Decomposition/Decay

Atmosphereic Carbon

Combustion

Photosynthesis

1

Jonathan is talking about the process when carbon dioxide is absorbed into the ocean. What is the name of this process?

Combustion

Photosynthesis

Decay

Ocean Exchange

1

A forest fire is an example of:

Respiration

Combustion

Photosynthesis

Decomposition

1

How do humans alter the carbon cycle?

Increased concetration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (methane, water) are warming our planet and projected to charge Earth's climate

Clear cutting of carbon-absorbing vegetation (especially tropical rain forests) have released large amounts of carbon to the atmpsheore

Planting millions of trees increases the amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere because of the increased photosynthesis

Extraction and burning of fossil fuels that have taken millions of years to form have released large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Nitrogen Cycle

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1

What percent of the air is nitrogen?

60%

70%

78%

90%

1

What is assimilation?

Special bacteria found in the roots of plants to change nitrogen gas into a useable form

The process of plants and animals taken in nitrogen

Living things

The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds specifically

1

What happens to the nitrogen found in the remains of dead organisms?

It flies away

It turns into an animal

It is returned to the soil

1

What is assimilation?

Special bacteria found in the roots of plants to change nitrogen gas into a useable form

The process of plants and animals taken in nitrogen

Living things

The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds specifically

1

What is the major reservior of nitrogen?

Atmosphere

Soil

Oceans

Plants and animals

1

How does nitrogen get to the soil?

Rocks

Bacteria

Snow

1

Process by which ammonium is changed into nitrates by bacteria.

Fixation

Nitrification

Denitrification

Assimilation

1

Process when the plants absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots.

Fixation

Nitrification

Denitrification

Assimilation

1

Process when extra nitrogen in the soil is put back out into the air.

Fixation

Nitrification

Denitrification

Assimilation

1

Ammonification is part of the decaying process. When a plant or animal dies, decomposers like fungi and ________turn the nitrogen back in ammonium so it can reenter the nitrogen cycle.

Rock

Oxygen

Animal

Bacteria

1

Denitrification is performed by

Rock

Oxygen

Animal

Bacteria

1

How do humans alter the nitrogen cycle?

Harvesting of crops, irrigation, and burning or clearing of grasslands and forests can cause nitrogen to wash way from topsoil

Planting corn advances photosynthesis which absorbs nitrogen from the atmosphere

Agricultural runoff of fertilizers, animal manure, and sewage discharge add excess nitrates (NO₃^-) to bodies of water which can lead to eutrophication

Adding NO_X to the atmospehre as we burn fossil fuels

Deforestation releases large quantities of nitrogen stored in soils and plants back to a gas

Anaerobic bacteria break down inorganic fertilizer or manure and contribute N₂O to the atmosphere

Phosphorus Cycle

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1

What is the major reservoir of the phosphorus cycle?

Atmosphere

Ocean

Rocks and soil

Plants and animals

1

Why is Phosphorus an important molecule for life?

It makes up the cells

It makes up chloroplasts

It makes up DNA & ATP

It makes up the digestive system

1

How do animals receive phosphorus?

They consume it from plants or animals

They absorb it from water

They breathe it in

They absorb it from soil

1

How do plants receive phosphorus? (More than one choice)

They consume it from plants or animals

They absorb it from water

They absorb it from air

They absorb it from soil

1

What happens to Phosphorus that erodes from rock and soil?

The phosphorus becomes a part of the atmosphere

The phosphorus becomes a part of the animals

The phosphorus becomes a part of the plants

It mixes with oxygen to form phosphate and is a part of the water

1

What happens to the phosphates when plants and animals die?

It decomposes and returns to the soil or water

It vaporizes and returns to the atmosphere

It solidifies and becomes rock

1

What happens to the phosphorus that is carried by runoff to the oceans?

It is evaporated into the atmosphere

It settles to the bottom of the ocean as marine sediment

1

What is different about the Phosphorus cycle when compared to the water and carbon cycles?

There is no atmospheric component

There is no plant component

There is no animal component

There is no water component

1

Similar to the nitrogen cycle, excess phosphorus in water ecosystems can cause

Acid rain

Nitrogen fixation

Eutrophication (algal bloom) dead zones

Denitrification

1

How do humans alter the phosphorus cycle?

Phosphates accumulation as a gas and fall down to Earth in the form of precipiation

Runoff of soaps and detergents can lead to eutrophication in bodies of water

Clear cutting rain forests can cause phosphates to wash away

Mining phosphate salts which are added to fertilizers to add to agricultural fields can runoff and cause eutrophication

APES Math Practice!

Scientific Notation—All APES students should be able to work comfortably with numbers in scientific notation.

Place the following numbers into scientific notation.

1

One billion

1

70 trillion

Percent Change—All APES students should be able to calculate the change in percent

(New-Old)/Old X 100

1

234 to 324

1

324 to 225

1

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2015-2016?

1

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2016-2017?

1

One BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one thousand gallons of water by 25°F?

1

Radon has a half life of 3.8 days. After 7.6 days, 6 grams remain. What was the mass of the original sample?

6 grams

12 grams

24 grams

48 grams

1

pH is a scale that increases or decrease by 10x. How much more acidic is an acid of 4 versus water with a pH of 7?

10

100

1,000

10,000

1

Productivity
Gross Primary Production - Cellular Respiration = Net Primary Productivity
Gross Primary Productivity is 5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. Cellular respiration is 3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. What is the NPP?

8 g C/m2 or kJ/m2

2 g C/m2 or kJ/m2

5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2

3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2

1

Rule of 70
For doubling time.
A country has a growth rate of 2%. How many years will it take to double?

5 years

15 years

35 years

70 years

1

10% Rule
As energy moves up trophic levels, only 10% of the energy passes on, while 90% is lost to heat or other mechanisms.
If the producers starts with 10,000 kJ of energy, what is left for the secondary consumer?

10,000 kJ

1,000 kJ

100 kJ

10 kJ

5/7 Cycles/Math Review

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle

APES Math Practice!

Percent Change—All APES students should be able to calculate the change in percent

5/7 Cycles/Math Review

Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

The image above shows the water on the top of a lake turning into a gas and rising as the sun heats it. What step of the water cycle does this represent?

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red where water is being filtered as it passes through the soil? (precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, infiltration)

The rain, snow, sleet, and hail in the picture above best represents what step of the water cycle?

CLOUDS best represent which step of the water cycle?

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red showing water moving from the surface to a body of water? (percipitaion, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation)

What is infiltration?

How do humans alter the water cycle?

Carbon Cycle

Most of the earth's carbon is found where?

Which is TRUE about photosynthesis

How do consumers get the carbon they need?

When a person breaths out CO2 what process is involved?

When a tree dies bacteria and fungi break it down. What is this process called?

Jonathan is talking about the process when carbon dioxide is absorbed into the ocean. What is the name of this process?

A forest fire is an example of:

How do humans alter the carbon cycle?

Nitrogen Cycle

What percent of the air is nitrogen?

What is assimilation?

What happens to the nitrogen found in the remains of dead organisms?

What is assimilation?

What is the major reservior of nitrogen?

How does nitrogen get to the soil?

Process by which ammonium is changed into nitrates by bacteria.

Process when the plants absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots.

Process when extra nitrogen in the soil is put back out into the air.

Ammonification is part of the decaying process. When a plant or animal dies, decomposers like fungi and ________turn the nitrogen back in ammonium so it can reenter the nitrogen cycle.

Denitrification is performed by

How do humans alter the nitrogen cycle?

Phosphorus Cycle

What is the major reservoir of the phosphorus cycle?

Why is Phosphorus an important molecule for life?

How do animals receive phosphorus?

How do plants receive phosphorus? (More than one choice)

What happens to Phosphorus that erodes from rock and soil?

What happens to the phosphates when plants and animals die?

What happens to the phosphorus that is carried by runoff to the oceans?

What is different about the Phosphorus cycle when compared to the water and carbon cycles?

Similar to the nitrogen cycle, excess phosphorus in water ecosystems can cause

How do humans alter the phosphorus cycle?

APES Math Practice!

One billion

70 trillion

Percent Change—All APES students should be able to calculate the change in percent

234 to 324

324 to 225

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:2015 = $345,000 2016 = $325,000 2017 = $355,000What were the annual percent changes from 2015-2016?

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:2015 = $345,000 2016 = $325,000 2017 = $355,000What were the annual percent changes from 2016-2017?

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:

One BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one thousand gallons of water by 25°F?

One BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).

Radon has a half life of 3.8 days. After 7.6 days, 6 grams remain. What was the mass of the original sample?

pH is a scale that increases or decrease by 10x. How much more acidic is an acid of 4 versus water with a pH of 7?

ProductivityGross Primary Production - Cellular Respiration = Net Primary ProductivityGross Primary Productivity is 5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. Cellular respiration is 3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. What is the NPP?

Rule of 70For doubling time.A country has a growth rate of 2%. How many years will it take to double?

10% RuleAs energy moves up trophic levels, only 10% of the energy passes on, while 90% is lost to heat or other mechanisms.If the producers starts with 10,000 kJ of energy, what is left for the secondary consumer?

The image above shows the water on the top of a lake turning into a gas and rising as the sun heats it. What step of the water cycle does this represent?

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red where water is being filtered as it passes through the soil? (precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, infiltration)

The rain, snow, sleet, and hail in the picture above best represents what step of the water cycle?

CLOUDS best represent which step of the water cycle?

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red showing water moving from the surface to a body of water? (percipitaion, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation)

What is infiltration?

How do humans alter the water cycle?

Most of the earth's carbon is found where?

Which is TRUE about photosynthesis

How do consumers get the carbon they need?

When a person breaths out CO2 what process is involved?

When a tree dies bacteria and fungi break it down. What is this process called?

Jonathan is talking about the process when carbon dioxide is absorbed into the ocean. What is the name of this process?

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red showing water moving from the surface to a body of water?
(percipitaion, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation)

When a person breaths out CO₂ what process is involved?

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2015-2016?

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2016-2017?

One BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one thousand gallons of water by 25°F?

Productivity
Gross Primary Production - Cellular Respiration = Net Primary Productivity
Gross Primary Productivity is 5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. Cellular respiration is 3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. What is the NPP?

Rule of 70
For doubling time.
A country has a growth rate of 2%. How many years will it take to double?

10% Rule
As energy moves up trophic levels, only 10% of the energy passes on, while 90% is lost to heat or other mechanisms.
If the producers starts with 10,000 kJ of energy, what is left for the secondary consumer?

What step of the water cycle is represented by the part of the diagram circled in red showing water moving from the surface to a body of water?
(percipitaion, evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation)

When a person breaths out CO₂ what process is involved?

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2015-2016?

A utility‘s operating costs for its electrostatic precipitator was the following:
2015 = $345,000
2016 = $325,000
2017 = $355,000
What were the annual percent changes from 2016-2017?

One BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
The density of water is 1 gram/milliliter or approximately 8 pounds/gallon (U.S.).
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one thousand gallons of water by 25°F?

Productivity
Gross Primary Production - Cellular Respiration = Net Primary Productivity
Gross Primary Productivity is 5 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. Cellular respiration is 3 g C/m2 or kJ/m2. What is the NPP?

Rule of 70
For doubling time.
A country has a growth rate of 2%. How many years will it take to double?

10% Rule
As energy moves up trophic levels, only 10% of the energy passes on, while 90% is lost to heat or other mechanisms.
If the producers starts with 10,000 kJ of energy, what is left for the secondary consumer?