Unit 5 Exam

Last updated about 5 years ago

33 questions

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1.5

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Unit 5 Exam

Last updated about 5 years ago

33 questions

The LAST Anatomy and Physiology Exam of the YEAR!!! Take your time, take a deep breath and finish strong!

1

The trachea has cartilaginous rings that help to keep the airway open as food in the esophagus presses against it. In the trachea, some cells here produce mucus, other cells lining the walls have projections called that _____.

1

1.5

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

3

1

The option you selected in question 28 is instead made by......

1

2

While you are sick with SARS- CoV-2 wreaking havoc on your body. Your sister just came back from a trip to a foreign country where she tried all sorts of new exotic foods. She is not feeling too good either. She goes to the doctors and they run some blood tests based on her symptoms.

They following is her blood cell count results:
Neutrophil 58%
Lymphocyte 27%
Monocyte 5%
Eosinophil 15%
Basophil 0.5%.

A. First, identify the leukocyte that is abnormally high by comparing these results to the normal values below.
B. Then, based off these results, what might be also causing your sister to feel ill?

4

The respiratory system and immune system work closely together to protect the body from pathogens. Our body systems are made of organs, which are made of tissues which are made of cells that even at such a small scale, contribute to fighting off pathogens.

1. Name one cell of the respiratory system that helps to protect against pathogens and explain HOW it does so.
2. Name one cell of the immune system that helps to protect against pathogens and explain HOW it does so.

4

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

The LAST Anatomy and Physiology Exam of the YEAR!!! Take your time, take a deep breath and finish strong!

Pathogens enter your body from droplets in the air, or an opening such as a cut. The first line defenses are always activated and providing protection. Which of the following are first line defenses?

If the pathogen makes it past your first line defenses, 2nd line defenses kick in. Let's say Sars-CoV-2 enters your body through droplets in the air. First it passes through your nasal cavity where some virus' may be trapped in produced by __.

Mucus, Goblet Cells

Cilia, Epithelial Cells

Nasal Conchae, Olfactory Cells

Mucus, Epithelial Cells

If it makes it through the nasal cavity, it will next pass through number 7 which is the .......

From there it will pass through number 3, the ____________ and then into the trachea.

The trachea has cartilaginous rings that help to keep the airway open as food in the esophagus presses against it. In the trachea, some cells here produce mucus, other cells lining the walls have projections called that _____.

If the cells of the trachea are successful, the pathogen will be pushed into our esophagus and down to our stomach where there are ___________, such as stomach acid and enzymes, to break it apart.

If the cells of the trachea are not successful, the pathogen will continue down the respiratory system and through the......

From the grape like structures at the end of the respiratory system, the pathogen will infect cells or enter the blood at the _________________ as gases are being exchanged.

Veins

Capillaries

Lymph  

Heart

Which of the following respiratory structures have large surface areas to increase the efficiency of their function?

Now that Sars-CoV-2 has entered cells and the blood, you starts to feel sick. You call in sick from school and say "I will be out for 10 days, I am home sick with...."? Name the illness.

Now that you have called into school and are home sick. Your body continues to fight the virus and you feel real bad. Your temperature is 101. You remember from anatomy that a fever, as long as it does not get too much higher, is actually good. Which of the following describes a fever? (select all that apply)

body temperature rises causing iron to move out of the blood

body temperature rises overheating the pathogen

the bacteria is starved of essential nutrients and dies 

body temperature rises denaturing the pathogen

The virus is able to get into our cell and replicate thanks to three structures. Match each structure to its' function.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Protein Coat		Allows the virus to enter our cells
Spike Protein		Provides the code for the viral proteins
RNA		Provides a disguise for the for the viral Nucleic Acids as they move through the body

Once some body cells are affected they will perform ____________ to attract leukocytes.

First _will arrive. They will exit the blood and enter the body tissue through and then, start to ________ pathogens.

Basophils, diapedesis, phagocytize

Neutrophils, diapedesis, phagocytize

Basophils, phagocytosis, diapedes

Eosinophils, phagocytosis, diapedes

Eosinophils, diapedesis, phagocytize

Neutrophils, phagocytosis, diapedes

Some of the next few cells to arrive are___________which will not attack the virus, but instead create an environment which facilitates the arrival of other white blood cells.

Basophils, Neutrophils and Eosinophils are all....

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

So far, only first and second line defenses, which are part of the __________immune response, have been activated.

Before body cells are attacked and pathogens in them are killed, the virus is able to replicate rapidly using our cells machinary. Put the following steps of viral infection in order.

New viruses are packaged together and sent out into the body.
The virus attaches to a cell and enters
The viral RNA is translated and proteins are made
RNA polymerase copies viral RNA
The virus releases its RNA into the cytoplasm

All of the following are made by translation EXCEPT:

Spike Protein

RNA

RNA polymerase

Protein Coat

The option you selected in question 28 is instead made by......

A _____1_ enters your body, macrophages engulf it and present the 2_____ for other cells to see. Eventually, in response, your body may produce _3__ to trap it.

1. antigen, 2. pathogen, 3. antibody(ies)

1. antigen, 2. antibody, 3. pathogen(s)

1. antibody, 2. pathogen, 3. antigen(s)

1. pathogen, 2. antigen, 3. antibody(ies)

1. pathogen, 2. antibody, 3. antigen(s)

1. antibody, 2. antigen, 3. pathogen(s)

While you are sick with SARS- CoV-2 wreaking havoc on your body. Your sister just came back from a trip to a foreign country where she tried all sorts of new exotic foods. She is not feeling too good either. She goes to the doctors and they run some blood tests based on her symptoms.

They following is her blood cell count results:
Neutrophil 58%
Lymphocyte 27%
Monocyte 5%
Eosinophil 15%
Basophil 0.5%.

A. First, identify the leukocyte that is abnormally high by comparing these results to the normal values below.
B. Then, based off these results, what might be also causing your sister to feel ill?

The respiratory system and immune system work closely together to protect the body from pathogens. Our body systems are made of organs, which are made of tissues which are made of cells that even at such a small scale, contribute to fighting off pathogens.

1. Name one cell of the respiratory system that helps to protect against pathogens and explain HOW it does so.
2. Name one cell of the immune system that helps to protect against pathogens and explain HOW it does so.

Match each of the following cells/ molecules to the appropriate analogy. Then use the "show your work" option to explain your reasoning----(this is optional, but this way if you match them differently than I would, but have a good reason for it, you can get credit still)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Plasma B Cells		Fire Alarm
Cytokines		Spider Web
Antibodies		Pac Man
Macrophage		Spider

Pathogens enter your body from droplets in the air, or an opening such as a cut. The first line defenses are always activated and providing protection. Which of the following are first line defenses? 

Neutrophils

Nose Hairs

Eosinophils

Basophils

T- Cells

Stomach Enzymes 

Fevers

Macrophages

Natural Killer Cells 

Skin 

If the pathogen makes it past your first line defenses, 2nd line defenses kick in. Let's say Sars-CoV-2 enters your body through droplets in the air. First it passes through your nasal cavity where some virus' may be trapped in ____________produced by ______________. 

Mucus, Goblet Cells

Cilia, Epithelial Cells

Nasal Conchae, Olfactory Cells

Mucus, Epithelial Cells

If it makes it through the nasal cavity, it will next pass through number 7 which is the ....... 

Alveoli 

Trachea

Mouth

Pharynx

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Larynx

Nose

From there it will pass through number 3, the ____________ and then into the trachea. 

Bronchioles

Nose

Trachea

Mouth

Alveoli 

Larynx

Pharynx

Bronchi

If the cells of the trachea are successful, the pathogen will be pushed into our esophagus and down to our stomach where there are ___________, such as stomach acid and enzymes, to break it apart. 

Lymphocytes

Leukocytes

Macrophages

Chemical Barriers

Physical Barriers

If the cells of the trachea are not successful, the pathogen will continue down the respiratory system and through the......

Alveoli, Bronchioles, Bronchi

Alveoli, Bronchi, Bronchioles

Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli 

Bronchioles, Bronchi, Alveoli

Bronchioles, Alveoli, Bronchi

From the grape like structures at the end of the respiratory system, the pathogen will infect cells or enter the blood at the _________________ as  gases are being exchanged. 

Veins

Capillaries

Lymph  

Heart

Which of the following respiratory structures have large surface areas to increase the efficiency of their function? 

Voice box

Cartilaginous Rings

Nasal Conchae

Alveoli 

Bronchi 

Now that Sars-CoV-2 has entered cells and the blood, you starts to feel sick. You call in sick from school and say "I will be out for 10 days, I am home sick with...."? Name the illness. 

Sars-CoV-2 

Coronavirus

Influenza

Covid-19

Covid-21

Now that you have called into school and are home sick. Your body continues to fight the virus and you feel real bad. Your temperature is 101. You remember from anatomy that a fever, as long as it does not get too much higher, is actually good. Which of the following describes a fever? (select all that apply)

body temperature rises causing iron to move out of the blood

body temperature rises overheating the pathogen

the bacteria is starved of essential nutrients and dies 

body temperature rises denaturing the pathogen

The virus is able to get into our cell and replicate thanks to three structures. Match each structure to its' function. 

Protein Coat

Allows the virus to enter our cells

Spike Protein

Provides the code for the viral proteins

RNA

Provides a disguise for the for the viral Nucleic Acids as they move through the body

Once some body cells are affected they will perform ____________ to attract leukocytes. 

diapedesis

pus

phagocytosis

negative chemotaxis

positive chemotaxis

First _________will arrive. They will exit the blood and enter the body tissue through ______________ and then, start to ______________ pathogens. 

Basophils, diapedesis, phagocytize

Neutrophils, diapedesis, phagocytize

Basophils, phagocytosis, diapedes

Eosinophils, phagocytosis, diapedes

Eosinophils, diapedesis, phagocytize

Neutrophils, phagocytosis, diapedes

Some of the next few cells to arrive are___________which will not attack the virus, but instead create an environment which facilitates the arrival of other white blood cells. 

Eosinophils

Basophils

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Basophils, Neutrophils and Eosinophils are all....

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

So far, only first and second line defenses, which are part of the __________immune response, have been activated. 

Cell Mediated

Humoral 

Adaptive

Innate

Antibody Mediated

Before body cells are attacked and pathogens in them are killed, the virus is able to replicate rapidly using our cells machinary. Put the following steps of viral infection in order. 

New viruses are packaged together and sent out into the body. 

The virus attaches to a cell and enters

The viral RNA is translated and proteins are made

RNA polymerase copies viral RNA 

The virus releases its RNA into the cytoplasm

All of the following are made by translation EXCEPT: 

Spike Protein

RNA

RNA polymerase

Protein Coat

A _______1_____ enters your body, macrophages engulf it and present the ____2_________ for other cells to see. Eventually, in response, your body may produce _____3____ to trap it. 

1. antigen, 2. pathogen, 3. antibody(ies)

1. antigen, 2. antibody, 3. pathogen(s)

1. antibody, 2. pathogen, 3. antigen(s)

1. pathogen, 2. antigen, 3. antibody(ies)

1. pathogen, 2. antibody, 3. antigen(s)

1. antibody, 2. antigen, 3. pathogen(s)

Match each of the following cells/ molecules to the appropriate analogy. Then use the "show your work" option to explain your reasoning----(this is optional, but this way if you match them differently than I would, but have a good reason for it, you can get credit still)

Plasma B Cells

Fire Alarm 

Cytokines

Spider Web 

Antibodies

Pac Man 

Macrophage

Spider 

Helper T Cell(s)

Antibodies

Cytokines

B Cells

Cytotoxic T Cells

Memory B Cells

Plasma B Cells

Macrophage(s)

T Cells

Perforin 

Cytotoxic T Cells

Macrophage(s)

Plasma B Cells

Memory B Cells

Cytokines

Perforin 

Antibodies

B Cells

T Cells

Helper T Cell(s)

T Cells

Memory B Cells

Cytotoxic T Cells

Plasma B Cells

B Cells

Antibodies

Cytokines

Macrophage(s)

Perforin 

Helper T Cell(s)

Plasma B Cells

Memory B Cells

Cytotoxic T Cells

Cytokines

T Cells

Macrophage(s)

Antibodies

Perforin 

Helper T Cell(s)

B Cells

Memory B Cells

T Cells

Perforin 

Cytotoxic T Cells

Macrophage(s)

Plasma B Cells

Cytokines

B Cells

Antibodies

Helper T Cell(s)

Cytotoxic T Cells

Perforin 

B Cells

Cytokines

Plasma B Cells

Macrophage(s)

Helper T Cell(s)

T Cells

Memory B Cells

Antibodies

T Cells

Macrophage(s)

Cytotoxic T Cells

Antibodies

Helper T Cell(s)

Perforin 

Cytokines

Plasma B Cells

B Cells

Memory B Cells

Plasma B Cells

B Cells

T Cells

Perforin 

Cytokines

Memory B Cells

Cytotoxic T Cells

Helper T Cell(s)

Antibodies

Macrophage(s)

Macrophage(s)

Cytotoxic T Cells

Cytokines

Plasma B Cells

Helper T Cell(s)

Memory B Cells

Perforin 

B Cells

T Cells

Antibodies

Unit 5 Exam

Unit 5 Exam

The trachea has cartilaginous rings that help to keep the airway open as food in the esophagus presses against it. In the trachea, some cells here produce mucus, other cells lining the walls have projections called ____________ that _________________.

The option you selected in question 28 is instead made by......

Pathogens enter your body from droplets in the air, or an opening such as a cut. The first line defenses are always activated and providing protection. Which of the following are first line defenses?

If the pathogen makes it past your first line defenses, 2nd line defenses kick in. Let's say Sars-CoV-2 enters your body through droplets in the air. First it passes through your nasal cavity where some virus' may be trapped in ____________produced by ______________.

If it makes it through the nasal cavity, it will next pass through number 7 which is the .......

From there it will pass through number 3, the ____________ and then into the trachea.

The trachea has cartilaginous rings that help to keep the airway open as food in the esophagus presses against it. In the trachea, some cells here produce mucus, other cells lining the walls have projections called ____________ that _________________.

If the cells of the trachea are successful, the pathogen will be pushed into our esophagus and down to our stomach where there are ___________, such as stomach acid and enzymes, to break it apart.

If the cells of the trachea are not successful, the pathogen will continue down the respiratory system and through the......

From the grape like structures at the end of the respiratory system, the pathogen will infect cells or enter the blood at the _________________ as gases are being exchanged.

Which of the following respiratory structures have large surface areas to increase the efficiency of their function?

Now that Sars-CoV-2 has entered cells and the blood, you starts to feel sick. You call in sick from school and say "I will be out for 10 days, I am home sick with...."? Name the illness.

The virus is able to get into our cell and replicate thanks to three structures. Match each structure to its' function.

Once some body cells are affected they will perform ____________ to attract leukocytes.

First _________will arrive. They will exit the blood and enter the body tissue through ______________ and then, start to ______________ pathogens.

Some of the next few cells to arrive are___________which will not attack the virus, but instead create an environment which facilitates the arrival of other white blood cells.

Basophils, Neutrophils and Eosinophils are all....

So far, only first and second line defenses, which are part of the __________immune response, have been activated.

Before body cells are attacked and pathogens in them are killed, the virus is able to replicate rapidly using our cells machinary. Put the following steps of viral infection in order.

All of the following are made by translation EXCEPT:

The option you selected in question 28 is instead made by......

A _______1_____ enters your body, macrophages engulf it and present the ____2_________ for other cells to see. Eventually, in response, your body may produce _____3____ to trap it.

Match each of the following cells/ molecules to the appropriate analogy. Then use the "show your work" option to explain your reasoning----(this is optional, but this way if you match them differently than I would, but have a good reason for it, you can get credit still)

The trachea has cartilaginous rings that help to keep the airway open as food in the esophagus presses against it. In the trachea, some cells here produce mucus, other cells lining the walls have projections called that _____.

If the pathogen makes it past your first line defenses, 2nd line defenses kick in. Let's say Sars-CoV-2 enters your body through droplets in the air. First it passes through your nasal cavity where some virus' may be trapped in produced by __.

The trachea has cartilaginous rings that help to keep the airway open as food in the esophagus presses against it. In the trachea, some cells here produce mucus, other cells lining the walls have projections called that _____.

First _will arrive. They will exit the blood and enter the body tissue through and then, start to ________ pathogens.

A _____1_ enters your body, macrophages engulf it and present the 2_____ for other cells to see. Eventually, in response, your body may produce _3__ to trap it.