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Unit 4: Inheritance and Variation Test

Last updated 2 months ago

39 questions

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Question 1

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Question 2

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Read the scenario and use the information to help you answer the questions.
Disease Possibilities
A man and woman have decided to have children but are worried about possible genetic diseases. The couple visits a geneticist to determine what the possible risks are for their future children. The couple learns that they are both carriers (heterozygous) for Sickle Cell Disease. Each of them has one recessive allele. In order to have Sickle Cell Disease, you have to have two recessive alleles. The following year, the parents are blessed with a bouncing baby boy!

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Draggable item		Corresponding Item

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Fill in the missing information for the Punnett square below

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Question 33

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How many males are there?

Question 34

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How many males have hemophilia?

Question 35

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How many children did the couple in generation 3 (III) have?

Question 36

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This pedigree tracks hemophelia in a family. How many of II-2's grandsons have hemophelia?

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Question 38

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Question 39

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Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease

has no mutation in the gene for hemoglobin

transports oxygen more efficiently

has a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin

is broken down quickly

The following cross shows two people who are carriers for sickle cell anemia. In this cross, R is the allele for a normal red blood cell, while r is the allele for a sickle, mutated blood cell.
​​What is the chance that an offspring from this cross will be fully affected with sickle cell anemia?

Their offspring has a 25% chance of being fully affected with sickle cell anemia.

Their offspring has a 75% chance of being fully affected with sickle cell anemia.

Their offspring has a 50% chance of being fully affected with sickle cell anemia.

Their offspring has a 100% chance of being fully affected with sickle cell anemia.

Which of the following is the correct genotype of the parents?

aA

AA

aa

Aa

What is the probability (percent chance) that the child will have the same genotype as the parents?

25%

100%

50%

75%

What is the probability (percent chance) that the child will have Sickle Cell Disease?

25%

100%

50%

75%

The baby boy goes through his newborn tests and the doctors discover that the boy does have Sickle Cell Disease. What is the child's genotype?

Aa

aA

AA

aa

At the end of Meiosis, how many gametes are produced?

6

3

4

1

How many chromosomes does a diploid human cell have?

46

43

19

23

Which three of the following may lead to genetic variations?

the need to have a trait

independent assortment/random alignment

crossing over

mutations

The gametes produced at the end of Meiosis are different in chromosome number than other cells in that they have fewer chromosomes.  After going through the process of Meiosis, gametes are referred to as

diploid

haploid

triploid

Based on the pedigree shown below, how is it possible for the daughter to have a curved thumb while the rest of the family has straight thumbs?  Straight thumbs are dominant, curved thumbs are recessive.

The father must be homozygous and the mother must be heterozygous.

Both parents must be heterozygous.

The mother must be homozygous and the father must be heterozygous.

Both parents must be homozygous.

The allele for the presence of a white forelock is dominant in Figure 14–1. What is the probability of the couple labeled 2 of having a child with the trait?

25%

100%

75%

50%

Carefully review the entire image above before answering the question.

Epigenetics has the ability to change phenotypes.  Epigenetics is not considered a mutation because

it does not change the DNA sequence

it changes the phenotype

it changes where genes are located on the chromosome

Mendel's law of segregation occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Prophase I

Cytokenesis

Anaphase I

Metaphase II

What is the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Cuts the chromosome number in half

Forms genetically identical daughter cells

Increases the chromosome number

Forms somatic cells with identical genetic material

Gametes are produced by the process of

mitosis

replication

crossing over

meiosis

Gametes have

two sets of chromosomes

twice the number of chromosomes found in body cells

homologous chromosomes

one copy of each chromosome

What is shown in the image below?

anaphase I of meiosis

crossing over

replication

independent assortment

If a eukaryotic cell has 20 chromosomes and it undergoes meiosis, how many cells will result, and how many chromosomes will they contain?

2 cells, each with 10 chromosomes

2 cells, each with 20 chromosomes

4 cells, each with 20 chromosomes

4 cells, each with 10 chromosomes

Match the number of each phase in the diagram to the phase of meiosis that is shown. 

Prophase I

Anaphase II

Metaphase I

Metaphase II

Telophase/cytokinesis II

Anaphase I

Interphase

Prophase II

What is the process in which DNA makes a copy of itself?

Translation

Mutation

Transcription

DNA replication

What is the function of DNA polymerase during replication?

Builds new DNA strand

Repairs DNA damage

Unzips DNA

Carries genetic code

Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?

Results in DNA mutations

Produces entirely new DNA

Each new DNA molecule has one half of the original strand

Occurs only in prokaryotes

True or false: ALL mutations effect the resulting protein

True

False

Which of the following explains why mutations may have no affect on a protein?

There is redundancy in the genetic code, several different codon's can equal the same amino acid

There are at least 3 copies of every gene, so if one is mutated, the other's are used instead

The RNA that is made can be destroyed and a new copy made.

Which of the following mutations is most likely going to have large affects on any proteins made from the gene(s) involved?

Frameshift mutations

Base pair substitution within a single gene

Insertion or deletion within a single gene

silent mutations

In humans the ability to taste Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is dominant. “Tasters” (TT) or (Tt) taste an extremely bitter taste from PTC, while “non-tasters” (tt) do not taste anything.

What are the genotypes of Mr. and Mrs. Jones if they can taste PTC but have a child who is a non-taster? 

TT

tt

There is not enough information to determine this

Tt

In pigs, having erect ears that stick up (E)  is dominant to having droopy ears (e).

If a pig has droopy ears what must its genotype be?

Ee

can't be determined

EE

ee

What is the expected genotype ratio of a monohybrid cross (Tt x Tt)?

2 TT : 2 tt

4 TT : 0 Tt : 0 tt

1 TT : 1 Tt : 1 tt

1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt

What are the possible genotypes of offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents?

AA:aa

Aa:aa

Aa:AA

AA:Aa:aa

In horses, having black hair is dominant (B) to having chesnut colored hair (b). 

If a homozygous dominant horse is crossed with a chesnut colored horse, then what are the chances they will have a foal (a baby horse) with chesnut colored hair?

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

The pedigree below tracks the appearance of a recessive trait:
Match each individual on the left with the correct genotype on the right.

Brother 1

Sister 

Brother 2

Mom

Dad

Definitely homozygous dominant

Definitely heterozygous

Definitely homozygous recessive

Could be homozygous dominant or heterozygous

How does the end result of mitosis compare to meiosis?  Select ALL that apply.

Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different

Mitosis produces cells that are genetically exact copies

Mitosis produces cells that are genetically different

Meiosis produces cells that are genetically exact copies

Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift, missense, nonsense, or silent mutation. 

Original DNA Sequence:  T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T

substitution

insertion

deletion