Section 1 – Earth’s surface undergoesgradual and sudden change
1.1 A Model For Earth
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Question 2
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Question 3
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Question 4
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Question 5
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Question 6
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Question 7
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1.2 Sudden Earth Events
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Question 9
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Question 10
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Question 11
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Question 12
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Question 13
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Question 14
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Question 15
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Question 16
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Question 17
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Question 18
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Question 19
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Question 20
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Question 21
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1.3 Incremental Changes: Wind, Water and Ice
Question 22
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Question 23
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Question 24
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Question 25
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Question 26
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Question 27
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Question 28
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Question 29
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Scientists estimate the age of the Earth to be about 4.6 billion years old, using evidence and theories.
Then they construct a model of what the Earth is composed of. A model is based on what is ...
known
inferred
observed
proven
A scientist who studies the Earth is called a ....
geologist
meteorologist
paleontologist
environmentalist
Compared to the other layers of the Earth, the crust, at a temperature of 5oC is ...
thicker than the upper mantle
thinner than all the layers
thicker than the lower mantle
thicker than any other layer
In order for scientists to study - first hand - the composition of the core of the Earth, they would have to
travel 1700 times the depth of the deepest mine in the world. The deepest mine is in South Africa and it
reaches a depth of 3.8 kms. What is mined there?
coal
gold
silver
diamonds
The temperature in the deepest parts of these types of mines protects miners from cold. This is because
the deeper the mine gets the closer to the core it is. The normal temperature in these deep mines is ...
15oC
19oC
29oC
35oC
The core of the Earth is made up of two layers. The inner core, which is made up of nickel and iron
reaching temperatures of 7000oC, because of the pressure of the other layers on this inner core, it is ...
molten
liquid
solid
crystal
Which of the following foods would you use to model what the Earth is made of ...
pear
apple
peach
banana
The largest earthquake recorded in Canada was off the coast of British Columbia about the year 1700. It was about a ~9 in magnitude. The reason this is just an estimation is because ...
the seismograph was turned off
there was nobody around to read the seismogram
seismographs were not invented yet
the earthquake destroyed the seismic equipment
The pressure under the earth's crust can cause it to move in different ways. A fault that is caused by a
compression force is called a ...
normal fault
reverse fault
strike-slip fault
transform fault
The source of an earthquake can be determined by recording the interval time between the "p" waves and "s" waves. The first place that rocks break below the surface in an earthquake is called the ...
focus
fault line
epicenter
shadow zone
Scientists study the effect of an earthquake by locating this point, which is the place on the surface that is directly above where the earthquake first began, called the ...
focus
fault line
epicenter
shadow zone
An earthquake in Japan registers on a seismograph in Winnipeg, Manitoba. This occurs because...
seismographs anywhere will record all earthquakes
the earth's crust is solid, allowing the surface waves to be recorded anywhere
seismic waves travel through all the layers of the Earth
the core of the earth is liquid
Seismologists use a special "machine" that measures earthquakes. It is called the ...
Richter Scale
Seismogram
Seismologist
Seismograph
In 1935 Charles Richter developed a scale that helped geologists understand about the strength or
magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake. The scale he developed starts at 0 and each increase of 1
indicates an increase of 10 times the amount of ...
damage
seismic waves
ground motion
fault movement
Volcanoes erupt when they become active. Until an eruption occurs, volcanoes are described as ...
stagnant
dormant
extinct
plugged
There are a number of volcanoes that border the pacific ocean. These volcanoes are known as the Ring
of Fire. The name comes from the fact that these volcanoes erupt with red-hot lava, fire and steam. Most volcanoes in the Ring of fire occur at ...
subduction zones
abduction zones
conduction zones
compression zones
One of the most dangerous side effects of an erupting volcano is a ...
hurricane
tornado
earthquake
tsunami
Mt. St. Helens volcano in Washington was thought to be dormant, until it erupted suddenly and caused
widespread damage. After the eruption, people who lived in Ontario and Quebec had to clean this off
their cars because the prevailing wind carried it that far ...
lava
ash
smoke
volcanic rock
Volcanoes can cool temperatures around the world. Despite the hot temperatures and the destruction
they can create at the source, the lowering of world temperatures following a volcanic eruption can be
caused by ...
a rapid lava flow into the ocean
an ash plume causing mudflows
an ash layer in the atmosphere
a large number of tsunamis
A device that geologists use to measure minute changes in the angle of the ground’s slope is called a ...
seismograph
seismogram
surveyor’s level
magmascope
Not very many volcanologists use this special suit to study molten lava up close, but those who do are
able to get close enough to the magma flow to make observations, take measurements, or collect gas
and lava samples. This special suit is coated with ...
reflective plastic
fireproof insulation
reflective metal
flammable liquid
Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down by means of water, glacial ice, wind and
waves. This process can in three ways. Which way described below is incorrect? ...
chemically
mechanically
gravitationally
biologically
Tony found that when he poured water into a crack in a rock sample and froze it, then allowed it to thaw, the crack was actually wider. The type of weathering he investigated was classified as ...
chemical
biological
mechanical
gravatational
André tested the effects of water on the natural rock samples found in his schoolyard. He tested the rock samples with pure water (pH 6.8), rainwater (pH 4.5) and tap water (pH 6.7). The type of weathering he investigated was classified as ...
chemical
biological
mechanical
gravitational
On a field trip to the foothills, the class was amazed, when their teacher pointed out a tree growing in a
rock. The roots of the tree had worked their way into the cracks and split the rock in many places. The
type of weathering they observed was classified as ...
chemical
biological
mechanical
gravitational
The movement of materials from place to place is called ...
weathering
deposition
glaciation
erosion
Landslides and rock slides can have devastating effects on the landscape. The Frank Slide is one such
example. To study these, scientists are using new technology and sound waves. One of the major forces
besides an earthquake responsible for these types of sudden changes is ...
chinook winds
frost wedging
gravitational pull
acidic rainwater
A science field trip included a stop at the 'Big Rock' in Okotoks. A receding glacier left behind this rock. It
is called ...
an erratic
a moraine
a striation
an abrasion
Allison and Rachel were investigating the effects of landforms that have been created by the action of
running water. They were told that the Alberta badlands are an example of this type of landform, called ...
