Explain how Rutherford’s Gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus.
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Question 20
20.
In the image, we see a sodium (Na) and water (H20) reaction in slow motion.
Use the positions of Na, H and O on the periodic table to explain why sodium reacts so violently with water.
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The image depicts _______ in which light behaves like a ________
Photoelectric effect, wave
Photoelectric effect, particle
Double slit experiment, wave
Double slit experiment, particle
Arrange the models of the atom in order of how they were discovered.
In the early 1900's many scientists thought that an atom consisted of a positive substance with negative charges scattered throughout the substance. Then Ernest Rutherford completed an experiment that changed the concept of an atom. His discovery led to the understanding that an atom consists mostly of empty space with ---
protons orbiting a dense nucelus made of electrons and neutrons
electrons orbiting a dense nucleus made of protons and neutrons
neutrons and protons orbiting a cloud of electrons
electrons and protons orbiting a cloud of neutrons
Which is true for the image provided?
Electrons absorb energy of a certain wavelength and frequency as they move to higher energy levels
Electrons absorb energy of a certain wavelength and frequency as they move back to their original energy level (ground state)
Electrons release energy of a certain wavelength and frequency as they move to higher energy levels
Electrons release energy of a certain wavelength and frequency as they move back to their original energy level (ground state)
While English phsysicist J.J. Thomson was carrying out experiments on cahtode rays, he was able to determine that the rays consisted of particles he called "corpuscles." These particles were later named___________
protons
neutrons
electrons
gamma rays
Sometimes it’s useful to describe light as a particle and sometimes as a wave. Which of the following support the wave model for light? Select all that apply.
Light can be pulled into a medium with a force
Light ejects electrons at high frequencies
Light bends or diffracts at an entry
Light can create an interference pattern
Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons are in Nitrogen-15.
7 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons
7 protons, 8 neutrons and 7 electrons
7 protons, 6 neutrons and 7 electrons
Use both the position on the Periodic Table and the Bohr Diagrams below to choose all atoms or ions that are considered stable in nature.
B
D
A
C
Which particle is negatively charged?
Cl with 17 protons, 18 neutrons and 16 electrons
Ag with 47 protons, 61 neutrons and 46 electrons
Ca with 20 protons, 21 neutrons and 20 electrons
P with 15 protons, 16 neutrons and 18 electrons
Which is true when ionic compounds form? Select all that apply
Electrons are transferred from metals to nonmetals to form stable ions
Electrons are shared between metals and nonmetals to form stable ions
Metals form + cations and Nonmetals form - anions to become stable
Metals form - anions and Nonmetals form + cations to become stable
Metals lose electrons while nonmetals gain electrons to form ions with full valence shells
Metals gain electrons while nonmetals lose electrons to form ions with full valence shells
All atoms achieve full valence shells with 8 electrons
All atoms achieve full valence shells with 2 electrons in shell 1 and 8 electrons in all other shells
Which Bohr model shows the stable ion that will form for Oxygen?
Choice A
Choice B
Some gases bond to themselves in nature and are considered diatomic. Look carefully at the Bohr models of the gases below. What is the MOST likely reason for a gas to be diatomic?
A gas is diatomic when it bonds to itself so it can have a full valence shell
A gas is diatomic if it has a full valence shell
A gas is diatomic only if it’s found in groups 13-18
A gas is diatomic if it easily gives away electrons
Determine if each element or property is a metal or nonmetal. Drag each statement to the correct label. (metal and nonmetal)
Sodium
Fluorine
Contains many gases
Conducts electricity in solids
Tends to lose electrons to from + cations
Tends to gain electrons to form - anions
Metal
Nonmetal
If X represents a metal in group 2, why is the general formula shown as XO and XF2 when element X forms a compound with either O or F?
(Hint: Pick an element in group 2 and bond it with O and then with F and compare)
The metal (X) transfers its two valence electrons to the oxygen atom while two fluorine atoms each take one valence electron from metal (X).
The metal (X) transfers one valence electron to two oxygen atoms while one fluorine atom accepts both valence electrons from metal (X).
The metal (X) shares its two valence electrons with both oxygen and fluorine.
Which is the correct formula when Magnesium (Mg) reacts with Chlorine (Cl) to form Magnesium Chloride? HINT: Use the steps for ionic bonding to help you.
MgCl
Mg2Cl
MgCl2
MgCl3
Which of the following ideas was proposed by Niels Bohr?
electrons occupy specific energy levels within an atom
the nucleus of an atom contains nuetrons as well as protons
an atom is a solid sphere that cannot be separated into smaller parts
an atom consists of negative charges embedded in a positively charged sphere
A scientist nameed J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1987. He suggested that the atom looked like the model below, with electrons in a mass, or cloud, of positive charge.
How was Thomson's model different than the Bohr model that followed it?
The Bohr model showed electrons surrounding a positive nucleus
The Bohr model consisted of a single, solid mass with no smaller particles
The Bohr model showed neutrons in a cloud surrounding the negative nucleus
