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Unit 2 Chemistry Part 1 21-22

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FCPS
Review for General Chemistry Unit 2: Matter and Periodicity
CLASSIFYING MATTER

There are 4 states of matter that you are responsible for understanding in this unit: Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasma.

Solids are defined as having a fixed shape, fixed volume, and are not compressible. Molecules of a solid move through vibrations and have a low amount of kinetic energy. Solids can melt into a liquid or sublimate into gases.

Liquids are defined as having no fixed shape, fixed volume, and are not compressible. Molecules of a liquid move with random motion but are close together. Liquids have more kinetic energy than solids but less than a gas or plasma. Liquids can vaporize or evaporate into gases. They can also freeze or solidify into solids.

Gases are defined as having no fixed shape, no fixed volume, and are compressible. Molecules of a gas move with random motion and high kinetic energy. Gases can condense into liquids, ionize into plasma, or depose into solids.

Plasmas is a superheated gas that becomes ionized (electrons are removed from the atom). It has similar properties to a gas and have the most kinetic energy of the four phases of matter. Plasmas can deionize into gases.

Question 1
1.

Question 2
2.

Question 3
3.

Question 4
4.

PHASE CHANGES: A phase change is when matter changes from one state to another. For example, water changes from ice to liquid water when heated. These reactions can be characterized by heat going into the system (endothermic) or heat leaving the system (exothermic). Additionally, these reactions can be visualized by heating or cooling digarams.
Question 5
5.

Question 6
6.

Question 7
7.

Question 8
8.

Question 9
9.

Question 10
10.

Question 11
11.

Question 12
12.

Question 13
13.

Question 14
14.

Question 15
15.

Question 16
16.

Question 17
17.

Question 18
18.

Question 19
19.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical Properties are usually things you can measure or observe with your five senses.
Among the things that are measurable are length, distance, volume, magnetism, and density,
You can smell a rose, feel a fuzzy feather, or see color.

Chemical Properties becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction.
Examples of chemical properties are acidity or basicity, reactivity, combustability, flammability, and toxicity.

In the situations below: identify whether the observation is of a physical or chemical property.
Question 20
20.

Question 21
21.

Periodic Table: The periodic table describes the 118 different types of atoms. We can look at the atomic number to determine the number of protons. The atomic number tells us the number of protons and neutrons. Elements in the same groups behave similarly. Periods will tell us energy levels for electrons. There are also trends in the periodic table including atomic radii, electronegativity, and ionization energy. Use the periodic table to answer the following questions.
Question 22
22.

Question 23
23.

Question 24
24.

Question 25
25.

Question 26
26.

Question 27
27.

Question 28
28.

Question 29
29.

Question 30
30.

What element would you find in Group 2, Period 3?

Question 31
31.

What element would you find in Group 15, Period 4?

Question 32
32.

Question 33
33.

Question 34
34.

Question 35
35.

Question 36
36.

ELEMENTS, MOLECULES, COMPOUND
HETEROGENEOUS VS HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES

Elements are defined as pure substances that contain the same type of atom.
Molecules are defined as two or more atoms bonded together.
Compounds are defined as two or more different atoms bonded together.

Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that are NOT uniform in composition
Homogenous mixtures are mixtures that are uniform in composition.
Question 37
37.

Question 38
38.

Question 39
39.

Question 40
40.

Question 41
41.

Question 42
42.

Question 43
43.

Question 44
44.

LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES

Lewis Dot Structures or Diagrams are diagrams that represent the number of valence electrons in an atom.
Question 45
45.

Question 46
46.

Question 47
47.

Identify this state of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Identify this state of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Identify this state of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
What is the average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of matter is called?
Activation Energy
Potential Energy
Temperature
Volume
A phase change from a solid to a gas is called sublimation.
True
False
A phase change from a gas to a plasma is called ionization.
True
False
A phase change from a liquid to a solid is called freezing.
True
False
A phase change from a liquid to a gas is called condensation.
True
False
In an exothermic reaction, is energy (heat) entering the system or leaving the system?
Heat energy is entering the system
Heat energy is leaving the system
In an endothermic reaction, is energy (heat) entering the system or leaving the system?
Heat energy is entering the system
Heat energy is leaving the system
Select all of the examples of exothermic reactions from the list below:
Fireworks
Photosynthesis
Chemical Ice Pack
Glow Stick
Chemical Hot Pack ("Hot Hands")
Evaporating Water
Freezing Water
Respiration
Select all of the examples of endothermic reactions from the list below:
Fireworks
Photosynthesis
Chemical Ice Pack
Glow Stick
Chemical Hot Pack ("Hot Hands")
Evaporating Water
Freezing Water
Respiration
In an endothermic reaction, is the heat being used to break bonds or is heat being released when bonds are formed?
Heat is used to break bonds
Heat is released when bonds are formed
In an exothermic reaction, is the heat being used to break bonds or is heat being released when bonds are formed?
Heat is used to break bonds
Heat is released when bonds are formed

What are the phase changes occuring at step B (name both of them)?
Melting and Freezing
Vaporization and Condensation
Melting and Condensing
Sublimation and Decomposition

What are the names of the phase changes at letter D (name both of them)?
Melting and Freezing
Sublimating and Decomposition
Vaporizing and Condensing
Evaporation and Ionization
Look at the following heating curve. What phase or phases are represented by the number 2?
Liquid and Gas
Liquid only
Liquid and Solid
Solid only
Look at the following heating curve. What phase or phases are represented by the number 3?
3?
Solid only
Liquid only
Solid and Liquid
Liquid and Gas
Look at the following cooling curve. What phase or phases is represented by the line from A to B?
Solid only
Gas only
Gas and Liquid
Plasma and Gas
Metals make up most of the elements on the periodic table. Select all of their properties from the list below.
Hard (solids)
Brittle (Solids)
Dull
Shiny
Conductive (heat and electricity)
Insulator (not conductive of heat and electricity)
Not Malleable
Malleable
Nonmetals can be found on the right side of the periodic table. Select all of their properties from the list below.
Hard (solids)
Brittle (solids)
Dull
Shiny
Conductive (heat and electricity)
Insulator (not conductive of heat and electricity)
Not Malleable
Malleable
What type of property do most of the elements on the periodic table share?
They are metals
They are metalloids
They are nonmetals
How can we determine the number of valence electrons that an atom has?
Period Number
Atomic Number
Group Number
Atomic Mass
What is the ideal numbers of valence electrons for a stable atom?
6
8
10
14
What group on the periodic table will for +1 ions?
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Noble gases
What group on the periodic table will form -1 ions?
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
What group on the periodic table does not form ions?
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
What is the name of the group that includes the elements: F, Cl, Br, I and At?
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Halogens
Noble gasses
What is the name of the group that includes the elements: Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium?
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Halogens
Noble gasses
What trend is reprented by arrow A?

Increasing Atomic Radii
Increasing Ionization Energy
Increasing Electronegativity

What trends are reprented by arrow B?

Increasing Atomic Radii
Increasing Ionization Energy
Increasing Electronegativity

Find the following elements on the periodic table: Na, Mg, Al. Which one has the largest atomic radius?
Na
Mg
Al
Find the following elements on the periodic table: W, Re, Os. Which as the highest ionization energy?
W
Re
Os
Find the following elements on the periodic table: C, O, F. Which has the highest Electronegativity?
O
F
C
What kind of matter do you see in the following image?

Element
Molecule
Compound
What kind of matter do you see in the following picture?

Element
Molecule
Compound
What kind of matter do you see in the following picture?

Element
Molecule
Compound
What kind of matter do you see in the following picture?

Element
Molecule
Compound
Identify the type of mixture in the picture.

Heterogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture
Identify the types of matter in the picture.

Element
Molecule
Compound
Identify the types of matter you see in the picture.

Elements only
Molecules
Compounds
Identify the types of matter in the following picture.

Elements
Molecules
Compounds
Which example is the correct Lewis dot structure for Oxygen?

A
B
C
D
Which example is the correct Lewis dot structure for Carbon?


A
B
C
D
What is the correct Lewis dot structure for Fluorine?

A
B
C
D