As cell division increases the rate of mutation __________
Question 10
10.
Question 11
11.
The base pair C pairs with __________ during DNA replication.
Question 12
12.
The base pair T pairs with __________ during DNA replication.
Question 13
13.
Question 14
14.
Question 15
15.
Question 16
16.
A gene on chromosome 17 codes for the p53 protein.
Select from the drop-down menus to correctly complete the sentence.
After the gene is __________ into mRNA the mRNA is __________ to produce the p53 protein.
Question 17
17.
A student created a model of a DNA sequence and its mRNA transcript, as shown.
DNA 3'- AGC CGT ATC - 5'
RNA 5'- TCG GCA TAG- 3'
Another student found a mistake in the model
Select from the drop-down menus to complete the sentence describing the correction that should be made to the model.
The __________ nucleotides in the mRNA transcript should be replaced with __________ nucleotides
1
1
1
1
Question 22
22.
Question 23
23.
Question 24
24.
1
1
1
1
Question 29
29.
Question 30
30.
1
Question 32
32.
Question 33
33.
All corn plants contain the ZmLA1 gene. Some corn plants contain a certain mutation in the ZmLA1 gene. The graph below shows the amount of ZmLA1 RNA produced in plants with the normal gene and in plants with the mutated gene.
1
Question 35
35.
Question 36
36.
Question 37
37.
Question 38
38.
Question 39
39.
What descriptions describe cancer cells (pick 2)
cells are the same shape
cells are different shapes
cells grow uncontrollably (keep going through cell division without going through checkpoints)
cells stop at checkpoints
What is a tumor?
when cells divide into two cells
where DNA is stored
a large mass of cells
the gene that prevents cancer
The stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows in size, replicates DNA, and develops.
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
GO
The stage of the cell cycle where the chromosomes of the cell separate and two identical cells are made.
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
GO
The stage of the cell cycle where the cell membranes form to divide a cell into two cells
cytokinesis
interphase
mitosis
GO
The stage of interphase with the definition
DNA replicates
Cell grows in size
Cell checks to make sure the DNA replicated correctly and cell has the proper supplies
G2
G1
S
People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Which statement describes what would most likely happen if p53 mutated and could not perform its task?
The cell would regain control of the cell cycle by adding an additional checkpoint at cytokinesis.
The cell would divide without control and produce new cells that make p53 without the mutation.
The cell would regain control of the cell cycle by using a type of lipid instead of p53.
The cell would divide without control and lead to the formation of cancer.
DNA replication results in
a mRNA strand
a protein chain
two DNA strands
two new cells
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
each with one new strand and one original strand
each with two original strands
When does DNA replication occur?
all the time
before cell division
after gametes are formed
whenever it wants
The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model represent?
deletion
insertion
substitution
translatocation
Question 18
18.
Transcribe the normal DNA sequence:
TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC
Question 19
19.
Translate the mRNA sequence you found in #18.
Question 20
20.
Question 21
21.
In cancer cells, mutations in the DNA cause the cells to reproduce uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Cancer directly affects which cellular process?
fertilization
mitosis
osmosis
conjunction
Which of the following is a primary reason for cancer cells developing in an organism?
Cancer cells are only caused by a genetically inherited gene.
Cancer cells are the result of other pre-existing abnormalities in the body's tissues.
Cancer cells are created by mutations resulting in signals that fail to control normal cell behavior.
Cancer genes are duplicated and spread throughout the body, which affects every cell in the body.
What is produced at the end of transcription?
DNA
protein
tRNA
mRNA
Question 25
25.
Question 26
26.
Question 27
27.
Question 28
28.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the creation of a protein?
Amino Acid--> DNA--> RNA-->Protein
DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid --> Protein
Protein --> DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid
DNA --> Protein --> RNA --> Amino Acid
A DNA sequence is shown below. What is produced when the sequence is transcribed
TAGGAGCAT
chain of three amino acids
a set of three tRNA molecules
a section of mRNA with the base sequence AUCCUCGUA
a section of DNA with the base sequence ATCCTCGTA
Question 31
31.
All six codons listed below code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis.
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of having multiple codons for the same amino acid?
The length of the protein chain will be reduced.
The effect of mutations in the DNA could be reduced.
The cell could use the bases that are most available in the nucleus to assemble DNA.
The ribosome will more quickly read the order of the bases during translation.
Methylation is a process that can add methyl (CH3) groups to DNA. A gene containing methylated nucleotides often cannot be transcribed. As a result, proteins will not be produced. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly affected by DNA methylation?
A. respiration
B. nitrogen fixation
C. DNA replication
D. mRNA production
Question 34
34.
The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA).
What process does this diagram represent?
A. mutation
B. replication
C. transcription
D. translation
The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.
A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?
5 nucleotides
6 nucleotides
12 nucleotides
18 nucleotides
Which diagram shows how RNA is read to produce an amino acid chain?
In a sample of double stranded DNA, 20% of the nitrogenous bases are adenine (A). What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytosine (C)?
10%
30%
60%
80%
The diagram shows a small part of an original DNA strand and an incomplete DNA strand. Which of the following show the complementary bases for the new strand?
T G C G A
C A U A G
A C G C T
C A T A G
Which amino acid chain would be built from the RNA segment
UGU-GUG-UGU-GUG
Cys-Cys-Cys-Cys
Val-Val-Val-Val
Cys-Val-Cys-Val
Cys-Val-Gly-His
A mutation has occurred that has changed the codon CGC to CCC? What affect will the mutation have on the protein?
A. Alanine will be replaced with Glycine
B. Arginine will be replaced with Proline
C. A stop codon will force the protein to terminate
D.There will be no change
Image W is a molecule that is a double helix. Image W is
protein chain
DNA
mRNA
enzyme
The arrow labeled X represents a process where DNA is read, copied, and made into a single strand of mRNA. This process called
replication
translation
transcription
fertilization
The arrow labeled Y represents the step in the process when mRNA is made into a protein chain. This process is called
replication
translation
transcription
fertilization
The structure labeled Z is what is created as a result of protein synthesis. Structure Z is a long strand of
nucleotides
carbohydrates
lipids
amino acids
Which mutation would leave the phenotype (appearance) of the organism unchanged?
A. mutation 1
B. mutation 2
C. mutation 3
D. mutation 4
Based on the graph, what most likely happens in corn plant cells as a direct result of the mutated gene?
