An adult human body contains trillions of cells. Body cells go through the stages of the cell cycle. A diagram of the cell cycle is shown.
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Question 6
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7.
Question 8
8.
As cell division increases the rate of mutation __________
Question 9
9.
The base pair C pairs with __________ during DNA replication.
Question 10
10.
The base pair T pairs with __________ during DNA replication.
Question 11
11.
Question 12
12.
Question 13
13.
Question 14
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Question 15
15.
DNA undergoes __________ to produce __________
Question 16
16.
RNA undergoes __________ to produce __________
Question 17
17.
A gene on chromosome 17 codes for the p53 protein.
Select from the drop-down menus to correctly complete the sentence.
After the gene is __________ into mRNA the mRNA is __________ to produce the p53 protein.
Question 18
18.
A student created a model of a DNA sequence and its mRNA transcript, as shown.
DNA 3'- AGC CGT ATC - 5'
RNA 5'- TCG GCA TAG- 3'
Another student found a mistake in the model
Select from the drop-down menus to complete the sentence describing the correction that should be made to the model.
The __________ nucleotides in the mRNA transcript should be replaced with __________ nucleotides
Question 19
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Question 20
20.
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1
1
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Question 25
25.
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Question 27
27.
Question 28
28.
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Question 30
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Question 33
33.
CYP1A is a protein in organisms that breaks down toxic substances such as those found in oil. The amount of CYP1A protein in an organism depends on the expression of the CYP1A gene.
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Question 34
34.
Question 35
35.
What descriptions describe cancer cells (pick 2)
cells are the same shape
cells are different shapes
cells grow uncontrollably (keep going through cell division without going through checkpoints)
cells stop at checkpoints
What is a tumor?
when cells divide into two cells
where DNA is stored
a large mass of cells
the gene that prevents cancer
Question 3
3.
Describe TWO events that occur during the interphase stage of the cell cycle.
Question 4
4.
Mitosis and cytokinesis are important stages of the cell cycle. Explain why mitosis must occur before cytokinesis.
Question 5
5.
Describe one way a person's body would be affected if cells stopped going through mitosis and cytokinesis.
People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Which statement describes what would most likely happen if p53 mutated and could not perform its task?
The cell would regain control of the cell cycle by adding an additional checkpoint at cytokinesis.
The cell would divide without control and produce new cells that make p53 without the mutation.
The cell would regain control of the cell cycle by using a type of lipid instead of p53.
The cell would divide without control and lead to the formation of cancer.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
each with one new strand and one original strand
each with two original strands
When does DNA replication occur?
all the time
before cell division
after gametes are formed
whenever it wants
Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as
replications
transformations
translations
mutations
The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model represent?
deletion
insertion
substitution
translatocation
In cancer cells, mutations in the DNA cause the cells to reproduce uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Cancer directly affects which cellular process?
fertilization
mitosis
osmosis
conjunction
Which of the following is a primary reason for cancer cells developing in an organism?
Cancer cells are only caused by a genetically inherited gene.
Cancer cells are the result of other pre-existing abnormalities in the body's tissues.
Cancer cells are created by mutations resulting in signals that fail to control normal cell behavior.
Cancer genes are duplicated and spread throughout the body, which affects every cell in the body.
Question 21
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Question 22
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Question 23
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Question 24
24.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the creation of a protein?
Amino Acid--> DNA--> RNA-->Protein
DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid --> Protein
Protein --> DNA --> RNA --> Amino Acid
DNA --> Protein --> RNA --> Amino Acid
Question 26
26.
In a laboratory, cell parts were separated using a centrifuge. After the cell parts were isolated, RNA and amino acids were added to each sample. After some time, the samples were tested for proteins. Which sample most likely contained newly made proteins?
A. Nuclei
B. Mitocondria
C. Cell membranes
D. Ribosomes
All six codons listed below code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis.
CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of having multiple codons for the same amino acid?
The length of the protein chain will be reduced.
The effect of mutations in the DNA could be reduced.
The cell could use the bases that are most available in the nucleus to assemble DNA.
The ribosome will more quickly read the order of the bases during translation.
Methylation is a process that can add methyl (CH3) groups to DNA. A gene containing methylated nucleotides often cannot be transcribed. As a result, proteins will not be produced. Which of the following cellular processes is most directly affected by DNA methylation?
A. respiration
B. nitrogen fixation
C. DNA replication
D. mRNA production
The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a strand of messenger (mRNA).
What process does this diagram represent?
A. mutation
B. replication
C. transcription
D. translation
The diagram represents a chain of amino acids. The different shapes represent different amino acids.
A scientist wants to produce a single strand of DNA that codes for this amino acid chain. How many nucleotides will be in the DNA that the scientist produces?
5 nucleotides
6 nucleotides
12 nucleotides
18 nucleotides
Which diagram shows how RNA is read to produce an amino acid chain?
In a sample of double stranded DNA, 20% of the nitrogenous bases are adenine (A). What percentage of the nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytosine (C)?
10%
30%
60%
80%
The CYP1A gene codes for the CYP1A protein.
After the CYP1A gene is __________ into mRNA, the mRNA is __________ to produce CYP1A protein
A DNA sequence is shown below. What is produced when the sequence is transcribed
TAGGAGCAT
chain of three amino acids
a set of three tRNA molecules
a section of mRNA with the base sequence AUCCUCGUA
a section of DNA with the base sequence ATCCTCGTA
Image W is a molecule that is a double helix. Image W is
protein chain
DNA
mRNA
enzyme
The arrow labeled X represents a process where DNA is read, copied, and made into a single strand of mRNA. This process called
replication
translation
transcription
fertilization
The arrow labeled Y represents the step in the process when mRNA is made into a protein chain. This process is called
replication
translation
transcription
fertilization
The structure labeled Z is what is created as a result of protein synthesis. Structure Z is a long strand of
nucleotides
carbohydrates
lipids
amino acids
Which mutation would leave the phenotype (appearance) of the organism unchanged?
