predict the number of valence electrons in an atom using the periodic table.
predict the type of ion that an atom will form based on the atom’s location on the periodic table.
calculate the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, mass number and charge of an ion.
Question 1
1.
Question 2
2.
Question 3
3.
Part 2: Ions
Why?
Many atoms present in nature are not in their 'atom' form. Rather, they are in 'ion' form. An atom's ion form is dependent on its number of valence electrons, and force of attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. In this part of the activity, you will determine what an ion is and how they are formed.
Directions: Use the Build an Atom or Element Builder simulation below to answer questions 4-11.
(Make sure to open the 'net charge' box!)
If you'd like to have 'Build an Atom' open in a different window, click on the following link: Build an Atom
Question 4
4.
Play with the simulation for a few minutes using the Atom screen. Write down three new things you notice as you play with the simulation.
Question 5
5.
Question 6
6.
Using what you learned from the simulation, define the term 'ion' in your own words(Use complete sentences in answering this question).
Question 7
7.
Question 8
8.
Question 9
9.
Think about your answer for #8. Why do you think lithium always forms a +1 ion, beryllium always forms a +2 ion, and boron always forms a +3 ion(Use complete sentences to answer the question)?
Question 10
10.
Question 11
11.
Question 12
12.
Think about your answer for #11. Why do you think fluorine always forms a -1 ion, oxygen always forms a -2 ion, and nitrogen always forms a -3 ion?
Question 13
13.
Question 14
14.
Label the smaller periodic table below with the charges that the ions form for each of the groups shown.
Question 15
15.
Question 16
16.
Looking at the following dot diagram, how many valence electrons are paired?
Question 17
17.
Looking at the following dot diagram, how many valence electrons pairs are paired?
Question 18
18.
Looking at the following dot diagram, how many valence electrons are unpaired?
Two new words we will start using today are Group and Period.
Using the image above, pick the best description for each
Groups are vertical columns on the periodic table
Groups are horizontal rows on the periodic table
Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic table
Periods are vertical columns on the periodic table
Use the periodic table above to put the following elements in order from fewest number of valence electrons to greatest number of valence electrons.
Barium
Gallium
Tin
Iodine
Bismuth
Xenon
Tellurium
Rubidium
For each element listed below:
Match the elements with their number of valence electrons
periodic table
Antimony
Copper
Iron
Krypton
Silver
Molybdenum
2 valence electrons
1 valence electron
8 valence electrons
10 valence electrons
5 valence electrons
9 valence electrons
4 valence electrons
What is the difference between a neutral atom and an ion?
In an ion, the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons. In a neutral atom, the number of protons is different from the number of electrons.
In an ion, the number of neutrons is the same as the number of electrons. In an ion, the number of neutrons is different from the number of electrons.
In a neutral atom, the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons. In an ion, the number of protons is different from the number of electrons.
In a neutral atom, the number of neutrons is the same as the number of electrons. In an ion, the number of neutrons is different from the number of electrons.
Use the simulation to build stable atoms (He) or ions (Li, Be, and B). Capture one of the stable atoms models or ions in the 'show your work' area.
(You may simply write the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, but please draw the electrons!)
5 electrons
3 protons
2 electrons
5 protons
4 electrons
3 electrons
4 protons
2 protons
Stable atom of helium (He)
Stable ion of lithium (Li+)
Stable ion of beryllium (Be2+)
Stable ion of boron (B3+)
What do you notice about the number of electrons in Li+, Be+2, B3+, and He?
There is nothing similar about the ions/atom listed above.
The number of electrons in each ion/atom is equal to the number of protons for that atom/ion.
The number of neutrons in each ion/atom is equal to the number of electrons for that atom/ion.
All of the ions/atom listed above have two electrons.
Use the simulation to build stable models of atoms (Ne) or ions (F, F1-, O, O-2, N, and N-3).
<Include one picture of a stable atom or ion.>
9 protons
8 protons
7 electrons
8 electrons
10 electrons
9 electrons
10 protons
7 protons
Stable atom of Ne
Stable atom of F (F1-)
Stable atom of O (O2-)
Stable atom of N (N3-)
What do you notice about the number of electrons in F-, O2-, N3-, and Ne?
The number of neutrons in each ion/atom is equal to the number of electrons for that atom/ion.
There is nothing similar about the ions/atom listed above.
All of the ions/atom listed above have ten electrons.
The number of electrons in each ion/atom is equal to the number of protons for that atom/ion.
Consider the ions in the questions so far. How can you calculate the charge of an ion?
Charge = (# of electrons) - (# of protons)
Charge = (# of protons) - (# of electrons)
Charge = (# of protons) + (# of electrons)
None of these describe how to calculate the charge of an ion.
Elements in groups 1, 2, and 13 often form cations, while elements in groups 15, 16, and 17 often form anions. Considering this, which of the following are the best definitions for cation and anion?
A cation is an ion that has more protons than electrons and is negatively charged. An anion is an ion that has more electrons than protons and is positively charged.
A cation is an ion that has more protons than electrons and is positively charged. An anion is an ion that has more electrons than protons and is negatively charged.
A cation is an ion that has more neutrons than electrons and is positively charged. An anion is an ion that has more neutrons than electrons and is negatively charged.
A cation is an ion that has more protons than neutrons and is positively charged. An anion is an ion that has more electrons than neutrons and is negatively charged.