Chapter 12 Reading Guide

By Sue O'Bannon
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Last updated over 1 year ago
37 Questions
Note from the author:
Chapter 12 Food Production and the Environment
Chapter 12 Food Production and the Environment
12-1 What Is Food Security and Why Is It Difficult to Attain?
1
1.
Define food security and food insecurity.
1
2.
What is the root cause of food insecurity?
1
3.
Distinguish between chronic undernutrition (hunger) and chronic malnutrition and describe their harmful effects.
1
4.
What is a famine?
1
5.
Describe the effects of diet deficiencies in vitamin A, iron, and iodine.
1
6.
What is overnutrition and what are its harmful effects?
12-2 How Is Food Produced?
1
7.
What three systems supply most of the world’s food?
1
8.
Define and distinguish among industrialized agriculture (high-input agriculture), plantation agriculture, traditional subsistence agriculture, and traditional intensive agriculture.
1
9.
Define polyculture and summarize its benefits.
1
10.
Define organic agriculture and compare its main components with those of conventional industrialized agriculture.
1
11.
What is a green revolution?
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12.
Distinguish between crossbreeding through artificial selection and genetic engineering.
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13.
Describe the second green revolution based on genetic engineering.
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14.
Describe the growth of industrialized meat production. What are feedlots and CAFOs?
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15.
Aquaculture, the fastest-growing type of food production, is sometimes called the __________ __________.
12-3 What Environmental Problems Arise from Industrialized Food Production?
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16.
List two major benefits of high-yield modern agriculture.
1
17.
What is topsoil and why is it one of our most important resources?
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18.
What is desertification and what are its harmful environmental effects?
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19.
What are soil salinization and waterlogging and describe their harmful environmental effects.
1
20.
What is the biggest problem resulting from excessive use of water for irrigation in agriculture?
1
21.
Summarize industrialized agriculture’s contribution to projected climate change.
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22.
Explain how industrialized food production systems have caused loss of biodiversity.
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23.
List the advantages and disadvantages of using genetic engineering in food production.
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24.
Compare the benefits and harmful effects of industrialized meat production.
12-4 How Can We Protect Crops from Pest More Sustainably?
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25.
Define and give two examples of a pesticide.
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26.
Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using synthetic pesticides.
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27.
List alternatives to conventional pesticides.
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28.
Define integrated pest management (IPM) and list its advantages.
12-5 How Can We Improve Food Security?
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29.
Explain 2 approaches used by governments to influence food production.
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30.
What are other ways in which organizations are improving food security?
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31.
Explain 3 benefits of buying locally grown food.
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32.
How can urban farming help to increase food security?
12-6 How Can We Produce Food More Sustainably?
1
33.
What is soil conservation?
1
34.
Distinguish among organic fertilizer, synthetic inorganic fertilizer, animal manure, green manure, and compost.
1
35.
How does crop rotation help to restore topsoil fertility?
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36.
Describe 2 ways to make meat production and consumption more sustainable.
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37.
Summarize 3 important aspects of making a shift to more sustainable food production.