APES Ch. 14 Reading Guide - Non-Renewable Mineral Resources
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14-1 What Are the Earth’s Major Geological Processes and What Are Mineral Resources?
Question 1
1.
Where in the Earth’s layers do we find the mineral resources on which we depend? What is this layer made up of?
Question 2
2.
What is a mineral resource?
Question 3
3.
Define and provide examples of each of the following:
Sedimentary rock
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Question 4
4.
Differentiate between a high-grade and low-grade ore.
Question 5
5.
Give examples of metallic and nonmetallic minerals and what they are used for.
14-2 How Long Might Supplies of Nonrenewable Mineral Resources Last?
Question 6
6.
What does it mean when a mineral becomes economically depleted? (include a definition of depletion time in your answer)
Question 7
7.
How can we extend depletion times?
Question 8
8.
Which countries supply most of the nonrenewable mineral resources used by modern societies?
Question 9
9.
_______ _______ determine the quantity and location of a nonrenewable mineral resource in the earth’s crust, but _______ determines what part of the known supply is extracted and used.
Question 10
10.
According to standard economic theory, what happens when a resource becomes scarce in a competitive market system?
Question 11
11.
Why might the price effect noted in the previous question no longer apply in more-developed countries?
14-3 What Are the Environmental Effects of Using Nonrenewable Mineral Resources?
Question 12
12.
Briefly describe each of the following surface mining techniques:
Open-pit mining
Area strip mining
Contour strip mining
Mountaintop removal
Question 13
13.
Briefly describe subsurface mining.
Question 14
14.
Which type of mining (surface or subsurface) disturbs more land?
Question 15
15.
The mining industry produces more toxic emissions than any other U.S. industry. What % of all the country’s emissions come from mining?
Question 16
16.
What highly toxic substance is commonly used to extract gold from ore?
Question 17
17.
What are the environmental hazards associated with tailings and smelting?
14-4 How Can We Use Mineral Resources More Sustainably?
Question 18
18.
What are some materials that are currently being used as substitutes for key minerals?
14-5 What Are the Earth’s Major Geological Hazards?
Question 19
19.
What are tectonic plates and how do they move?
Question 20
20.
What are the geological activities that can take place at the boundaries between tectonic plates?
Question 21
21.
What is the difference between magma and lava? How are the two terms related?
Question 22
22.
What are some of the benefits of volcanoes?
Question 23
23.
What is a tsunami, and why is the name "tidal wave" incorrect?