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APES: Chapter 15 Reading Guide: Nonrenewable Energy

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15-1 What Is Net Energy and Why Is It Important?

Question 1
1.

What is net energy yield?

Question 2
2.

Why does nuclear power have a low energy yield? How is it affordable to consumers?

15-2 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Oil?

Question 3
3.

What is crude oil (petroleum)?

Question 4
4.

We cannot use crude oil as it is; it must be refined (heated) to different boiling points. What are some products that are produced after the refining process?

Question 5
5.

What is does OPEC stand for?

Question 6
6.

How much of the world’s proven crude oil reserves do OPEC countries control?

Question 7
7.

What 12 countries make up OPEC?

Question 8
8.

What are some environmental concerns with respect to oil?

Question 9
9.

Case Study – Oil Production and Consumption in the US: How much of the world’s oil does the US consume? _______ How much does it produce? _______ How much of the world’s proven conventional light oil reserves does the US have? ________

Question 10
10.

What is shale oil, how is it produced, and where are there known reserves?

Question 11
11.

What are some problems associated with shale oil??

Question 12
12.

What are tar sands (oil sands) and where is most of the world’s reserves located?

Question 13
13.

What are some problems associated with tar sands?

15-3 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Natural Gas?

Question 14
14.

Natural gas is a mixture of gases, but is primarily which gas?

Question 15
15.

Natural gas has high versatility which is why it is used for 28% of the energy consumed in the US. What are some of the uses for natural gas?

Question 16
16.

What are some advantages of natural gas?

Question 17
17.

Where is natural gas generally found?

Question 18
18.

How is natural gas transported? Are there any concerns with this?

Question 19
19.

Case Study: What are some of the major concerns with natural gas and fracking in the US?

15-4 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Coal?

Question 20
20.

Coal is plentiful but _________________.

Question 21
21.

What are some problems associated with burning coal (environmental and human)?

Question 22
22.

Is there such a thing as clean coal? Why or why not?

Question 23
23.

What are synfuels? How do they compare to using coal directly?

15-5 What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Nuclear Power?

Question 24
24.

The diagram below is of a pressurized water reactor. This is the most common type of nuclear reactor found in the United States and throughout Western Europe (this is slightly different from the diagram in your textbook, but you can still identify the major components by comparing the two). Identify and label each of the major parts of the power plant.
Word bank: control rods, fuel rods, reactor, primary loop, secondary loop, feedwater loop, water pump (x2), condenser (x2), turbine, generator, transmission lines, cooling tower, containment building.

Question 25
25.

Briefly explain the nuclear fuel cycle (it starts with mining uranium).

Question 26
26.

Read the section “Dealing with Radioactive Nuclear Wastes is a Difficult Scientific and Political Problem.” What do you think is the best option for dealing with radioactive wastes? Why? What concerns you the most?

Question 27
27.

What happened in Fukushima, Japan? Explain cause and effect in your answer.