Being Human essentialist concepts of self
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Last updated almost 4 years ago
10 questions
Note from the author:
Philosophy HL IB Core Theme
Required
6
Match the term to its definition.
Match the term to its definition.
| Draggable item | arrow_right_alt | Corresponding Item |
|---|---|---|
temporality | arrow_right_alt | awareness or experience of the world |
essence | arrow_right_alt | an intrinsic or indespensable property or properties that characterize an entity |
consciousness | arrow_right_alt | the substance or substances out of which a thing is or could be made |
spatiality | arrow_right_alt | that which has mass and occupies and has extended space |
substance | arrow_right_alt | the condition of existing in time, for a period of time, bounded by time in the past or potentially in the future |
material | arrow_right_alt | the condition of existing in space, in a place, having the nature of being in place |
Required
2
Drag EACH statement to the proper box. True statements on top; not necessarily true and perhaps false statements below. All statements belong in one or the other box.
Drag EACH statement to the proper box. True statements on top; not necessarily true and perhaps false statements below. All statements belong in one or the other box.
- Essentialism focuses on relationships and rejects the notion of a predefined entity or a normative understanding of the person.
- Plato is an essentialist in particular for his theory of Forms and his prioritization of the Form of the Good above all other realities.
- Essentialism has been the dominant framework for Western philosophy for over 2,500 years.
- Christian philosophy was strongly influenced by Plato's works. Many of our ideas of soul derive as much from Plato as from the Scriptures.
- The self is necessarily a merger of body and soul and only exists for a short period of time.
- These claims are true.
- These claims are not necessarily true and perhaps false.
Required
1
Identify the phrase in this argument where Socrates most fully describes his understanding of the relationship of body and soul.
Identify the phrase in this argument where Socrates most fully describes his understanding of the relationship of body and soul.
...And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving through the senses) -- were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the body in the region of the changeable, and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her, and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?...
... But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom? ...
...And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?
(Cebes:) ...In the opinion of everyone who follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable -- even the most stupid person will not deny that.
(Socrates:) And the body is more like the changing?
(Cebes:) Yes.
Required
1
Identify the phrase where Socrates argues for or justifies his position about the relationship of body and soul.
Identify the phrase where Socrates argues for or justifies his position about the relationship of body and soul.
...And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving through the senses) -- were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the body in the region of the changeable, and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her, and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?...
... But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom? ...
...And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?
(Cebes:) ...In the opinion of everyone who follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable -- even the most stupid person will not deny that.
(Socrates:) And the body is more like the changing?
(Cebes:) Yes.
Required
1
Identify the phrase where Socrates implies his understanding of truth and the goal of philosophy as establishing certainty.
Identify the phrase where Socrates implies his understanding of truth and the goal of philosophy as establishing certainty.
...And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving through the senses) -- were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the body in the region of the changeable, and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her, and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?...
... But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom? ...
...And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?
(Cebes:) ...In the opinion of everyone who follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable -- even the most stupid person will not deny that.
(Socrates:) And the body is more like the changing?
(Cebes:) Yes.
Required
2
Plato argues that reality is dualistic. There is a realm of change and a realm of permanence. Sort these claims and realities as to whether they belong to the realm of change or the realm of permanence.
Plato argues that reality is dualistic. There is a realm of change and a realm of permanence. Sort these claims and realities as to whether they belong to the realm of change or the realm of permanence.
- soul
- hearing / seeing / perceiving
- physics
- body
- knowledge
- metaphysics
- sense experiences
- eternity and immortality
- The realm of change
- The realm of permanence
Required
7
Plato sharply contrasted the Mind/Soul and the Body. Which of these traits pertain to the Mind/Soul? Which of them pertain to the Body? (Every trait must be sorted to one or the other box.)
Plato sharply contrasted the Mind/Soul and the Body. Which of these traits pertain to the Mind/Soul? Which of them pertain to the Body? (Every trait must be sorted to one or the other box.)
- is the crown of virtue, knowledge and existence
- is insignificant
- must be the ruler
- is shameful and degraded
- is temporarily imprisoned
- is irrational
- must be ruled
- is a tomb or prison
- is eternal and immortal
- is an obstacle to all that is good
- is important
- is the path to all that is good
- is rational
- is corruptible
- Pertains to the Mind or Soul
- Pertains to the Body
Required
2
______________ , in contrast to Plato, understood that a ______________ is ___________ in a form. For him, substance is the "_____________ " of a thing. All other non-essential qualities of the thing are ______________ . Indeed, he called them "______________ ." (quantity, quality, relation, place, time, position, state, action, and affection) [NOT EVERY TERM IS USED.]
Other Answer Choices:
Diotima
matter
whatness
qualities
Aristotle
substance
accidents
secondary
Required
2
It is worth distinguishing between a ______________ and a property. _______________ are "things" that are attached to substances. A _____________ can be a shape, hardness, or a color. Actual properties can ___________ but the substance will _____________ to have a property. Another way of thinking about it is that a property ___________ exist without a substance. A substance is ______________ even though its proerties ________ change. [ALL TERMS ARE USED AT LEAST ONCE.]
Other Answer Choices:
can
property
permanent
cannot
change
properties
continue
substance
Required
7
Decide whether each statement is true for Plato, for Aristotle, for both, or for neither.
Decide whether each statement is true for Plato, for Aristotle, for both, or for neither.
Plato | Aristotle | both Plato and Aristotle | neither Plato nor Aristotle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
soul is immortal | ||||
soul is the form of the body | ||||
the soul is tripartite: reason, spirit, and appetite | ||||
the human soul is tripartite: vegetative, animative, and rational | ||||
the human being has both soul and body | ||||
is an essentialist | ||||
is an existentialist |