Being Human essentialist concepts of self - VanderWilt, Jeff | Biblioteka

Obavezno

6

Match the term to its definition.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
material		awareness or experience of the world
temporality		an intrinsic or indespensable property or properties that characterize an entity
essence		the substance or substances out of which a thing is or could be made
consciousness		that which has mass and occupies and has extended space
spatiality		the condition of existing in time, for a period of time, bounded by time in the past or potentially in the future
substance		the condition of existing in space, in a place, having the nature of being in place

Obavezno

2

Drag EACH statement to the proper box. True statements on top; not necessarily true and perhaps false statements below. All statements belong in one or the other box.

Essentialism has been the dominant framework for Western philosophy for over 2,500 years.
Plato is an essentialist in particular for his theory of Forms and his prioritization of the Form of the Good above all other realities.
The self is necessarily a merger of body and soul and only exists for a short period of time.
Christian philosophy was strongly influenced by Plato's works. Many of our ideas of soul derive as much from Plato as from the Scriptures.
Essentialism focuses on relationships and rejects the notion of a predefined entity or a normative understanding of the person.

These claims are true.
These claims are not necessarily true and perhaps false.

Obavezno

1

Identify the phrase in this argument where Socrates most fully describes his understanding of the relationship of body and soul.

...And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving through the senses) -- were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the body in the region of the changeable, and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her, and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?...

... But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom? ...

...And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?

(Cebes:) ...In the opinion of everyone who follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable -- even the most stupid person will not deny that.

(Socrates:) And the body is more like the changing?

(Cebes:) Yes.

Obavezno

1

Identify the phrase where Socrates argues for or justifies his position about the relationship of body and soul.

...And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving through the senses) -- were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the body in the region of the changeable, and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her, and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?...

... But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom? ...

...And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?

(Cebes:) ...In the opinion of everyone who follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable -- even the most stupid person will not deny that.

(Socrates:) And the body is more like the changing?

(Cebes:) Yes.

Obavezno

1

Identify the phrase where Socrates implies his understanding of truth and the goal of philosophy as establishing certainty.

...And were we not saying long ago that the soul when using the body as an instrument of perception, that is to say, when using the sense of sight or hearing or some other sense (for the meaning of perceiving through the body is perceiving through the senses) -- were we not saying that the soul too is then dragged by the body in the region of the changeable, and wanders and is confused; the world spins round her, and she is like a drunkard, when she touches change?...

... But when returning into herself she reflects, then she passes into the other world, the region of purity, and eternity, and immortality, and unchangeableness, which are her kindred, and with them she ever lives, when she is by herself and is not let or hindered; then she ceases from her erring ways, and being in communion with the unchanging is unchanging. And this state of the soul is called wisdom? ...

...And to which class is the soul more nearly alike and akin, as far as may be inferred from this argument, as well as from the preceding one?

(Cebes:) ...In the opinion of everyone who follows the argument, the soul will be infinitely more like the unchangeable -- even the most stupid person will not deny that.

(Socrates:) And the body is more like the changing?

(Cebes:) Yes.

Obavezno

2

Plato argues that reality is dualistic. There is a realm of change and a realm of permanence. Sort these claims and realities as to whether they belong to the realm of change or the realm of permanence.

physics
metaphysics
body
hearing / seeing / perceiving
eternity and immortality
knowledge
soul
sense experiences

The realm of change
The realm of permanence

Obavezno

7

Plato sharply contrasted the Mind/Soul and the Body. Which of these traits pertain to the Mind/Soul? Which of them pertain to the Body? (Every trait must be sorted to one or the other box.)

is temporarily imprisoned
is the path to all that is good
is corruptible
must be ruled
is insignificant
is shameful and degraded
is the crown of virtue, knowledge and existence
is eternal and immortal
is an obstacle to all that is good
must be the ruler
is important
is irrational
is a tomb or prison
is rational

Pertains to the Mind or Soul
Pertains to the Body

Obavezno

2

, in contrast to Plato, understood that a is in a form. For him, substance is the " " of a thing. All other non-essential qualities of the thing are . Indeed, he called them " ." (quantity, quality, relation, place, time, position, state, action, and affection) [NOT EVERY TERM IS USED.]

Drugi mogući odgovor:

Diotima

matter

whatness

qualities

Aristotle

substance

accidents

secondary

Obavezno

2

It is worth distinguishing between a and a property. are "things" that are attached to substances. A can be a shape, hardness, or a color. Actual properties can but the substance will to have a property. Another way of thinking about it is that a property exist without a substance. A substance is even though its proerties change. [ALL TERMS ARE USED AT LEAST ONCE.]

Drugi mogući odgovor:

can

property

permanent

cannot

change

properties

continue

substance

Obavezno

7

Decide whether each statement is true for Plato, for Aristotle, for both, or for neither.

	Plato	Aristotle	both Plato and Aristotle	neither Plato nor Aristotle
soul is immortal
soul is the form of the body
the soul is tripartite: reason, spirit, and appetite
the human soul is tripartite: vegetative, animative, and rational
the human being has both soul and body
is an essentialist
is an existentialist