Chap 11 Sect 3.1-3.5

A contained around 4,200 men, and each consul led an army of two of them.

The North African city of was immensely rich. It had grown from a Phoenician colony (Punic is Latin for “Phoenician”) into a trading empire.

Rome began to compete with Carthage for control of the sea and the First Punic War broke out in B.C. over the strategic island of Sicily. was defeated but came back with powerful warships to occupy the important islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.

When was a child, he promised his father that he would always hate Rome. When he became a Carthaginian general, he made good on that promise; the Second Punic War began in B.C.

Hannibal led about soldiers and a herd of war out of Spain and across the Alps to invade the Italian Peninsula by land. This astonishing action caught the Romans by surprise. Hannibal swiftly defeated the Roman army in battle after battle as he swept south toward Rome itself.

In B.C., the Second Punic War ended, and once again ruled the western Mediterranean.

After the Second Punic War, Carthage focused on and began to grow very rich. This worried the Romans, who were still suspicious of their old enemy.

The famous Roman statesman the Elder shared his fears with the Senate in a unique way. Whenever he spoke, whatever the subject, he always ended with the dramatic exclamation “Carthago delenda est," which means “" .

Carthage ceased to exist. Carthage and its adjoining lands were renamed the Roman of Africa.

While Hannibal was rampaging through Italy in the Second Punic War, of launched the First Macedonian War against Rome. After Hannibal was defeated, the Romans could focus on the Macedonians...leading to the Second Macedonian War.

The Macedonian was strong, but it lacked the flexibility of the legion—leading to the Roman success.

Roman power now extended from the to the islands of . Control of this vast area made Rome the new superpower of the ancient world.

After years of service a soldier could receive land.

The empire stretched from to .

Each legion has close to men.