Evolution Review

Last updated almost 2 years ago

20 questions

1

Which of the following statements best describes the process of natural selection in a population?

All individuals develop traits to match changes to their environment.

All individuals learn to adapt to specific changes that occur slowly in their environment.

Some individuals respond to their environment by mutating to make themselves more likely to survive.

Some individuals have genetic differences that make them more likely to survive and reproduce in their environment.

Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?

The species are both herbivores.

The species have similar bone structure.

The species live in the same environment

The species both obtain oxygen from the air.

The bone structures in a bat wing and a whale flipper are shown. Which of the following statements best explains the similarity between the bone structures in the bat wing and the whale flipper?

Both animals evolved from a common ancestor.

Organisms that flew evolved into organisms that swim.

All organisms evolve following the same basic pattern

All animal parts used for motion evolve in the same way.

Katydids are insects that live on plants. Their bodies are adapted to look like leaves.

Which of the following best explains why katydids adapted this trait?

Katydids with this trait were better able to make their own food.

Katydids with this trait were better able to blend into their environment and survive.

Katydids with this trait were better able to store nutrients and hibernate

Katydids with this trait were better able to communicate with other insects around them.

The diagram below shows four types of finches labeled W, X, Y, and Z. The type of finch labeled W adapted different traits over a long period of time that resulted in the three different types of finches labeled X, Y, and Z. What is the most likely reason the finches labeled X, Y, and Z adapted different traits from the finch labeled W?

to look like other birds

to change their environments

to copy behaviors of other similar birds

to help them survive in their environments

A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws.

Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas where pollution laws have been enforced?

The moth populations went extinct.

The moth populations migrated south.

The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.

The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.

The New England cottontail is the only rabbit native to New England. Current populations are small and isolated because of habitat loss. Scientists are concerned about the possible extinction of the New England cottontail.
Which of the following statements explains why having small and isolated populations puts these rabbits at risk for extinction?

Diet requirements of the rabbits are changed, making the emigration rate increase.

Male-to-female ratios in the populations are changed, making the birth rate fall to zero.

Immigration is increased, making it harder for the rabbits to successfully compete for resources.

Genetic variation is decreased, making the populations less able to adapt to environmental changes.

Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.
Which of the following is the best additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?

Mastodons walked on four legs like elephants

Mastodons ate a diet similar to that of elephants

Mastodon fossils were found in the same area where elephants live

Mastodons contain protein sequences similar to elephants

Placental mammals are one group of mammals. Using DNA evidence, scientists have concluded that the ancestor of placental mammals diverged from other mammal groups about 160 million years ago.
The analysis of which of the following types of evidence would verify this conclusion? Click all that apply (there are 4)

In a population of beetles, the body colos of individuals range from light to dark. Most of the beetles have an average phenotype (inbetween light and dark).

A fire burns though the beetles' habitat leaving the trees, soil, and some rocks charred black for several years. Most of the beetles and their predators survive the fire and continue to live in the habitat.

1

Identify which beetle phenotype or phenotypes will most likely be favored in the habitat after the fire. Explain your answer

1

Using your knowledge of natural selection, explain how the change in phenotype distribution will occur.

1

Which of the following is the best evidence that two birds belong to the same species?

the two birds eat the same food

the two birds have common behaviors

the two birds are the same size and color

the two birds mate and produce fertile offspring

Humans and frogs have similar bone structure in the limbs indcating a common ancestor. This is an example of

vestigial structures

analogous structures

homolgous structures

Butterflies and bats both have wings. The wings have the same purpose and different in construction. The wings Do not show ancestry.

vestigial structures

analogous structures

homolgous structures

Which organism is closely realted to humans?

horse

gorilla

chimpanzee

zebra

The oldest fossils are in rock layer

W

X

Y

Scientists measured and recorded the average body size in a bird population over time. One year, a period of cold weather killed many of the birds. A few generations later, the scientists observed that the average body size in the population was larger than it had been before the cold weather. The scientists concluded that the population had evolved through natural selection. Which of the following would provide the best evidence to support the scientists’ conclusion?

The frequency of alleles for body size changed in the bird population.

The size of the bird eggs also increased over time.

The birds with the largest body size were the males.

The number of birds in the population had decreased by 50% or more.

Some lizards have an adaptation that allows their tails to break off with minimal damage to bones, nerves, blood vessels, and muscles. This type of lizard can then regrow the missing portion of the tail. Which of the following statements best explains why this adaptation is selected for in lizard populations?

Lizards with this adaptation are better at climbing trees.

Lizards with this adaptation can camouflage themselves more easily in vegetation

Lizards with this adaptation can use their tails as lures to attract more food.

Lizards with this adaptation are more likely to escape from predators.

Which of the following best explains how antibiotic resistance spreads through some populations of S. epidermidis?

All S. epidermidis cells exposed to antibiotics respond by developing mutations.

Exposure to antibiotics causes S. epidermidis cells to learn simple behaviors that help the cells survive.

Some S. epidermidis cells exposed to antibiotics survive and pass their genes on to their offspring.

Exposure to antibiotics causes an increase in the respiration rate of S. epidermidis cells living on the skin.

Which of the following statements best describes the process of natural selection in a population?

All individuals develop traits to match changes to their environment.

All individuals learn to adapt to specific changes that occur slowly in their environment.

Some individuals respond to their environment by mutating to make themselves more likely to survive.

Some individuals have genetic differences that make them more likely to survive and reproduce in their environment.

Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?

The species are both herbivores.

The species have similar bone structure.

The species live in the same environment

The species both obtain oxygen from the air.

The bone structures in a bat wing and a whale flipper are shown. Which of the following statements best explains the similarity between the bone structures in the bat wing and the whale flipper?

Both animals evolved from a common ancestor.

Organisms that flew evolved into organisms that swim.

All organisms evolve following the same basic pattern

All animal parts used for motion evolve in the same way.

Katydids are insects that live on plants. Their bodies are adapted to look like leaves.

Which of the following best explains why katydids adapted this trait?

Katydids with this trait were better able to make their own food.

Katydids with this trait were better able to blend into their environment and survive.

Katydids with this trait were better able to store nutrients and hibernate

Katydids with this trait were better able to communicate with other insects around them.

The diagram below shows four types of finches labeled W, X, Y, and Z. The type of finch labeled W adapted different traits over a long period of time that resulted in the three different types of finches labeled X, Y, and Z. What is the most likely reason the finches labeled X, Y, and Z adapted different traits from the finch labeled W?

to look like other birds

to change their environments

to copy behaviors of other similar birds

to help them survive in their environments

A species of moth in England has both a light-colored form and a dark-colored form. In the mid-1800s, the percentage of dark-colored moths increased in areas where black soot from factories covered the trees. The soot in these areas has decreased in more recent times as a result of pollution laws.

Which of the following statements describes what has most likely happened to the moth populations in these areas where pollution laws have been enforced?

The moth populations went extinct.

The moth populations migrated south.

The percentage of light-colored moths in the populations decreased.

The percentage of dark-colored moths in the populations decreased.

The New England cottontail is the only rabbit native to New England. Current populations are small and isolated because of habitat loss. Scientists are concerned about the possible extinction of the New England cottontail.
Which of the following statements explains why having small and isolated populations puts these rabbits at risk for extinction?

Diet requirements of the rabbits are changed, making the emigration rate increase.

Male-to-female ratios in the populations are changed, making the birth rate fall to zero.

Immigration is increased, making it harder for the rabbits to successfully compete for resources.

Genetic variation is decreased, making the populations less able to adapt to environmental changes.

Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.
Which of the following is the best additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?

Mastodons walked on four legs like elephants

Mastodons ate a diet similar to that of elephants

Mastodon fossils were found in the same area where elephants live

Mastodons contain protein sequences similar to elephants

Placental mammals are one group of mammals. Using DNA evidence, scientists have concluded that the ancestor of placental mammals diverged from other mammal groups about 160 million years ago.
The analysis of which of the following types of evidence would verify this conclusion? Click all that apply (there are 4)

Fossils

Behaviors

DNA Analysis

Bone Structure

Cells

Embryology

Habitat

Diet

Identify which beetle phenotype or phenotypes will most likely be favored in the habitat after the fire. Explain your answer

Using your knowledge of natural selection, explain how the change in phenotype distribution will occur.

Suppose scientists observe a shift in the distribution of body colors in the beetle population over time. Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that the population has evolved?

A. The reproductive rate for individual beetles has increased

B. The size of the beetle population has increased significantly

C. The sequences of body color genes are different among the individual beetles

D. The frequency of the alleles for body color in the beetle population have changed

Which of the following is the best evidence that two birds belong to the same species?

the two birds eat the same food

the two birds have common behaviors

the two birds are the same size and color

the two birds mate and produce fertile offspring

Humans and frogs have similar bone structure in the limbs indcating a common ancestor. This is an example of

vestigial structures

analogous structures

homolgous structures

Butterflies and bats both have wings. The wings have the same purpose and different in construction. The wings Do not show ancestry.

vestigial structures

analogous structures

homolgous structures

Which organism is closely realted to humans?

horse

gorilla

chimpanzee

zebra

The oldest fossils are in rock layer

W

X

Y

Scientists measured and recorded the average body size in a bird population over time. One year, a period of cold weather killed many of the birds. A few generations later, the scientists observed that the average body size in the population was larger than it had been before the cold weather. The scientists concluded that the population had evolved through natural selection. Which of the following would provide the best evidence to support the scientists’ conclusion?

The frequency of alleles for body size changed in the bird population.

The size of the bird eggs also increased over time.

The birds with the largest body size were the males.

The number of birds in the population had decreased by 50% or more.

Some lizards have an adaptation that allows their tails to break off with minimal damage to bones, nerves, blood vessels, and muscles. This type of lizard can then regrow the missing portion of the tail. Which of the following statements best explains why this adaptation is selected for in lizard populations?

Lizards with this adaptation are better at climbing trees.

Lizards with this adaptation can camouflage themselves more easily in vegetation

Lizards with this adaptation can use their tails as lures to attract more food.

Lizards with this adaptation are more likely to escape from predators.

Which of the following best explains how antibiotic resistance spreads through some populations of S. epidermidis?

All S. epidermidis cells exposed to antibiotics respond by developing mutations.

Exposure to antibiotics causes S. epidermidis cells to learn simple behaviors that help the cells survive.

Some S. epidermidis cells exposed to antibiotics survive and pass their genes on to their offspring.

Exposure to antibiotics causes an increase in the respiration rate of S. epidermidis cells living on the skin.

Suppose scientists observe a shift in the distribution of body colors in the beetle population over time. Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that the population has evolved?

A. The reproductive rate for individual beetles has increased

B. The size of the beetle population has increased significantly

C. The sequences of body color genes are different among the individual beetles

D. The frequency of the alleles for body color in the beetle population have changed

Evolution Review

Evolution Review

Which of the following statements best describes the process of natural selection in a population?

Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?

The bone structures in a bat wing and a whale flipper are shown. Which of the following statements best explains the similarity between the bone structures in the bat wing and the whale flipper?

Katydids are insects that live on plants. Their bodies are adapted to look like leaves.Which of the following best explains why katydids adapted this trait?

Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.Which of the following is the best additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?

Identify which beetle phenotype or phenotypes will most likely be favored in the habitat after the fire. Explain your answer

Using your knowledge of natural selection, explain how the change in phenotype distribution will occur.

Which of the following is the best evidence that two birds belong to the same species?

Humans and frogs have similar bone structure in the limbs indcating a common ancestor. This is an example of

Butterflies and bats both have wings. The wings have the same purpose and different in construction. The wings Do not show ancestry.

Which organism is closely realted to humans?

The oldest fossils are in rock layer

Which of the following best explains how antibiotic resistance spreads through some populations of S. epidermidis?

Identify which beetle phenotype or phenotypes will most likely be favored in the habitat after the fire. Explain your answer

Using your knowledge of natural selection, explain how the change in phenotype distribution will occur.

Suppose scientists observe a shift in the distribution of body colors in the beetle population over time. Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that the population has evolved?

Katydids are insects that live on plants. Their bodies are adapted to look like leaves.

Which of the following best explains why katydids adapted this trait?

Fossilized remains of prehistoric mastodons show anatomical similarities to modern-day elephants. These similarities provided the first evidence that mastodons were related to modern-day elephants.
Which of the following is the best additional evidence that mastodons were related to elephants?