Reflection in the x-axis: (a, b) --> (a, -b)
Reflection in the y-axis: (a, b) --> (-a, b)
Reflection in the line y = x: (a, b) --> (b, a)
Rotation of 90 degrees: (a, b) --> (-b, a)
Rotation of 180 degrees: (a, b) --> (-a, -b)
Rotation of 270 degrees: (a, b) --> (b, -a)