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Unit 8.2 and 8.3 Philosophy of religion, definitions of religion, understanding religious diversity and religious experiences

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27 questions
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10
In this section, for each statement, select the term or perspective that best describes it.
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Basic terms: Matching
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8
Select the best answers for each question
Select the best answers for each question
Question 1
1.

"I believe x even though x is inconsistent with what most people reasonably think."
This statement best exemplifies:

Question 2
2.

"I cannot believe x because it is inconsistent with science and my experience."
This statement best exemplifies:

Question 3
3.

"I believe x because it is both consistent with revealed texts and my considered thoughts about our experiences of the world."
This statement best exemplifies:

Question 4
4.

"I believe x because it is both consistent with revealed texts and my considered thoughts about our experiences of the world."
This statement best exemplifies:

Question 5
5.

"Probably the vast majority of religious adherents are religious realists."
This means:

Question 6
6.

“[Religious] non-realists maintain that religious claims are not about realities which transcend human language, concepts, and social forms.”
This means:

Question 7
7.

Religious exclusivism is considered unjust by some because:

Question 8
8.

A problem posed by the view that a particular, isolated event in human history is the one way in which God revealed God’s self to the world, even to the universe as a whole.

Question 9
9.

“There is an ultimate reality, which I refer to as the Real … which is in itself transcategorical (ineffable), beyond the range of our conceptual systems, but whose universal presence is humanly experienced in the various forms made possible by our conceptual-linguistic systems and spiritual practices.” – John Hick This means:

Question 10
10.

All but one of the following are advantages with respect to religious relativism. Which one is a disadvantage or weakness?

Question 11
11.

Our text discusses three types of religious experience. Sort these typical experience according to type.

Question 12
12.

Question 13
13.

Question 14
14.

Question 15
15.

Question 16
16.

Question 17
17.

Question 18
18.

Question 19
19.

Question 20
20.

Question 21
21.

Question 22
22.

Question 23
23.

Question 24
24.

Question 25
25.

Question 26
26.

Question 27
27.
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extreme fideism
atheism
religious rationalism
atheism
agnosticism
extreme fideism
moderate fideism
extreme fideism
religious rationalism
extreme fideism
agnosticism
atheism
Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are about what really exists independent of the human beings who are having those beliefs.
Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are true, but that is true about nearly everyone who has religious beliefs of any sort.
Most religious adherents hold that their beliefs are the most true religious beliefs, but some other people may also have a few, true religious beliefs.
Religious non-realists understand truth as a human construct; religious truths are “guiding myths to live by” rather than verifiable claims about what exists “out there.”
Religious claims are the result of “language games” such that, if you play the game correctly, you will arrive at religious truths that are reliable, objective, and certain.
Religious non-realists understand all religions are constructs of the human psyche; the result of wishful thinking and therefore, untrue.
They believe that God is unjust and hateful toward all people.
Exclusivism is arrogant with respect to its understanding of the truth.
Billions of people are excluded from salvation through no fault of their own.
The scandal of particularity
Incarnation and hypostatic union
Anthropocentrism
Hick asserts that our experiences and religious language do not depend on the interpretive lens we use to structure and understand them.
Hick believes that God can be understood by means of conceptual linguistic systems and spiritual practices.
Religious experience is a projection from the human mind onto the universe.
Relativism understands that religious adherents claim their beliefs and understandings of faith are universal truths, and not truths unique or particular to those who subscribe to the world-view of that one religion.
Relativism does not require a new, syncretistic religion in order to better grasp ultimate Reality.
Relativism offers a better account of the actual cognitive beliefs held by the adherents of the great world religions.
speaking in tongues
moral transformation or repentance
a direct apprehension of the real
a person with unique wisdom or insight
special abilities or gifts
possession by good or evil spirits
transition from ordinary status to religious leadership status
religious conversion
an experience of non-being or Nirvana
an experience of union with God
Regenerative experiences
Charismatic experiences
Mystical experiences
There may be only one true religion, but no one knows which one it is.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
There is no god and no transcendent reality.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
Religion refers to cultural markers like language and ritual; it does not refer to any transcendent or non-verifiable reality.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
We cannot properly assess religious statements for their truth value except within the context of their proper culture, language, and world-view.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
India is a Hindu nation and adherents of non-Hindu religions should be restricted as to their public religious activities and expressions.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
Nearly all religions share a high esteem for compassion and religionists can cooperate and collaborate in the promotion of compassion between and amongst all people.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
All religions are true with respect to the cultural and historical systems in which they are born and continue to be practiced.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
While there is one religion that is the most true of all; other religions recognize aspects of this truth to some extent or other. To that degree, we can cooperate and collaborate for the benefit of all people.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
Most or nearly all religions are in touch with and give expression to a universal, transcendent reality to some extent.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
Sunni Islam is the authentic practice of Muslim faith; other interpretations are heretical.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
The truth of religious statements does not reflect a one-to-one correspondence to reality but their consistency and adequacy as statements about religious beliefs and experiences.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
We can not really know how true any one religion is.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
Not all religions are true, but one or other religion may be closer to the truth than others. This does not mean there is no God. It may only mean that we cannot understand what God is like.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
My religion is true and when I speak about angels, souls, demons, boddhisattvas, karma, Tao, or gods (depending on my religion), I am describing real, transcendent, usually imperceivable beings.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
My own religion is correct, although it may be wrong in one or two areas.
atheism
agnosticism
religious exclusivism
religious extremism
religious pluralism
religious inclusivism
shared values approach
religious relativism
religious realism
religious non-realism
personal god
believes there is a god or gods of some sort
monotheist
believes there is a creator god who otherwise remains relatively uninvolved in the world
monistic pantheist
believes there is no god, though they may or may not hold to other religious beliefs such as Taoism or Buddhism
theist
believes that God or gods are persons with desires, values, objectives, and reasons; with whom we can positively interact
panentheist
believes that God or gods dwell within the world, though they also transcend it
atheist
believes that God and the universe are one-and-the-same ultimate reality
deist
believes there are many gods, not just one
polytheist
believes there is only one god, not many