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Principles of Science & Matter & Energy Exam

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Last updated over 3 years ago
19 questions
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Please read and answer each question carefully. You may use open book & open notes for this test. You will not get extended time. You must complete the test in one sitting. You will not be able to open it up to continue work once you have closed it.
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Question 19
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A pulmonologist hears complaints from a few of his patients that they feel tired and fatigued after wearing an N95 mask for hours at a time and believe that their blood oxygen levels are lowered. The doctor, having to wear a mask all day himself, does not believe this is true, but decides to test it.
He finds a group of 50 volunteers for his study. He assigns 25 of them to wear an N95 mask while walking at a brisk pace of 5km/hr on a treadmill for 30 minutes. The other 25 will be unmasked while performing the same exercise.
Following the study, he finds that the average oxygen saturation level of the masked group is 98.1%, while the average oxygen saturation level of the unmasked group is 98.3%.
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A company develops study to evaluate the effectiveness of a new sports drink in relieving cramping and fatigue after an intensive workout. One group of people is given the new sports drink, while the other group is given a drink that looks and tastes like a sports drink, but is just flavored water. After the workout, doctors will evaluate each group without knowing what kind of drink they received.
What type of experiment is this?
Double-blind experiment
Blind experiment
Comparative research study
Non-blinded experiment
What is the difference between correlation and causation
Correlation identifies a possible relationship. Causation states that one variable directly influences another.
Correlation states that no relationship exists. Causation does.
Correlation states that a direct relationship exists between two variables. Causation states that an inverse relationship exists.
The two terms are interchangeable and mean the same.
Which condition, if true, would result in a claim being classified as pseudoscience?
Many alternative explanations of the claim have been tested.
A conclusion is stated, then evidence is selectively chosen to support it.
The claim is repeatable and reproducible.
The claim has a great deal of experimental evidence.
What is always the first step of the scientific method?
Asking a question.
Forming a hypothesis.
Conducting an experiment
Analyzing and sharing data.
Where do plants get most of their mass from as they grow from seeds?
Sunlight.
Water from the soil.
Elements (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus) from the soil.
Carbon dioxide from the air.
What law states that some energy is lost during each transformation in a food chain?
First Law of Thermodynamics
Law of Conservation of Matter
Second Law of Thermodynamics
If 2000 kcal/m2/year of primary production occurs at the producer level of this food web, how much energy will be present for the secondary consumer level?
2kcal/m2/year
2000kcal/m2/year
200kcal/m2/year
20kcal/m2/year
What form of electromagnetic radiation is released by the sun and used by plants to perform photosynthesis?
Infrared
Microwave
Ultraviolet
Visible
The gasoline that is used to power cars contains what kind of energy?
Potential
Kinetic
Jan Ingenhousz discovered one of the components of photosynthesis when he observed bubbles of oxygen being released from aquatic plants. What environmental condition did the plants need to do this?
Darkness
Cold temperature
Sunlight
Warm temperatures
What substance was discovered when Joseph Priestly performed the
mouse in a jar experiment?
Oxygen
Water
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
Air is made of nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). What do these all have in common?
They are all pure elements
They are all molecules.
They are all compounds.
They are all individual atoms.
Matter is defined as any substance that … (select two)
Is in motion
Has volume
Has mass
Is high in potential energy
What was the hypothesis in this study?
Wearing N95 masks reduces oxygen saturation while engaged in physical activity.
Exercising for 30 minutes will reduce oxygen saturation.
Exercising for 30 minutes will increase oxygen saturation.
Wearing N95 masks reduces disease transmission.
Looking at the experimental design, the independent variable would be the _____________, while the dependent variable was the __________________.
Presence or absence of N95 masks, oxygen saturation.
Oxygen saturation, presence or absence of N95 masks.
Size of each group, treadmill speed.
Treadmill speed, exercise time.
What was the control group in this experiment?
This experiment did not have a control group.
The group wearing masks.
The group not wearing masks.
What was a controlled variable in this experiment? Select all that apply.
Presence or absence of masks.
Treadmill speed.
Time of exercise.
Type of exercise
Oxygen saturation
How could this experiment be changed to reduce the margin of error?
Measure body temperature instead of oxygen saturation.
Have the subjects wear a different kind of mask.
Increase the sample size from 50 to 100.
Use a different form of exercise besides walking
What final step should this doctor take before sharing his conclusions with his patients?
Asking other doctors to review his study and results.
Repeating the experiment with a different independent variable.
Constructing colorful graphs and figures to make his results more understandable.
Forming a conclusion is the last step of the scientific method.