Science Test 2 9/23/2022

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Use this image to help answer question 1

What evidence tells us that in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there is a divergent oceanic plate boundary? Select all that apply.

When ocean plates pull apart, magma flows through the cracks. New crust is formed as magma cools and hardens. Over time a mid-ocean ridge is formed, like the one that runs down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

The age of the ocean crust. The youngest rocks are found closest to where oceanic plates are divergent and get gradually older farther away from the boundary.

Deep ocean trenches can be found where the two ocean plates are pulling away from one another.

The oldest rocks are found at the boundary where a very old oceanic crust is finally breaking into two pieces.

Use this image to help answer question
2.Using the diagram, explain where new plate material can come from. Select all that apply. There are 2 correct answers.

When one plate subducts below another plate, rock material melts and eventually erupts onto Earth’s surface through a volcano.

New plate material is also found where divergent plate boundaries are spreading and magma fills the gaps forming underwater mountain ridges.

New plate material is formed when continental plates converge and form mountains.

New plate material forms when a plate slides by another plate and causes severe earthquakes.

Use this image to help answer question 3

3. Hotspots can form island chains because the plate moves on Earth’s surface, but the hotspot beneath the surface remains fixed. Scientists can look at the position of the island chains and determine the direction the plate moves. The Hawaiian Islands sit on the Pacific plate. In what direction do you think it is moving? Select all that apply.

The Pacific plate is moving Southeast because the Hawaiian island is still an active volcano.

The Pacific plate is moving toward the North/ Northwest. The Hawaiian Island chain is angled toward the NW and only the largest Big Island is still volcanically active. The Big Island is the last island sitting the farthest South/Southeast.

The Pacific plate is moving due East because it is pulling away from the North American plate.

Use this image to help answer questions 4-7
The Pacific Plate is sliding past the North American Plate bringing a part of California with it. What would you expect to find where these plates meet?

tall jagged mountains

wide rift valley

earthquakes

elongated lakes

The Nazca Plate is converging with the South American Plate. What features would you expect to find along the coast of South America where the plates are converging?

wide rift valley

volcanic mountains

new ocean crust

volcanic island chain

The Nazca Plate is also converging with the South American Plate. What features would you expect to find on the ocean floor where the plates are converging?

deep ocean trenches

mid-ocean ridges

tall jagged mountains

folded mountains

The Pacific Plate and the Nazca Plate appear to be moving away from each other. What features would you expect to find on the ocean floor?

deep ocean trenches

mid-ocean ridges

tall jagged mountains

folded mountains

How are volcanoes formed? Select all that apply.

Volcanoes are formed when magma from deep inside the Earth rises to Earth’s surface and erupts.

Often when two plates converge one plate subducts below the other plate. The subducting plate melts and magma rises to the surface and forms a volcanic island or a volcanic mountain.

Volcanoes are formed when large continents get so thick that the pressure on the mantle below causes rock to melt and rise to the surface to form a volcano.

Sometimes volcanoes form when a stationary magma plume (called a hotspot) deep in the Earth releases magma and it rises through the surface to form a volcano. The plate eventually moves, taking the now dormant volcano with it while the hot spot continues to erupt to form a new volcano.

If scientists discovered a new planet very much like Earth, where would you predict that planet would have the greatest concentration of volcanoes?

On its tectonic plates.

On the edges of its continents in higher elevations.

In its oceans.

In the middle of its continents.

Use this image to answer questions 10 and 11

What plate motion is happening at point B?

A convergent boundary where two plates collide.

A divergent boundary where two plates pull apart.

A transform boundary where two plates slide past each other.

Not enough information is given to identify the plate motion.

What plate motion is happening at point A?

A convergent boundary where two plates collide.

A divergent boundary where two plates pull apart.

A transform boundary where two plates slide past each other.

Not enough information is given to be able to identify the plate motion.

Two of Earth’s plates pressed together for many millions of years. What happened if they pressed together in a place where oceanic plate material meets continental plate material?

The continental plate material was pushed downward.

The oceanic plate material was pushed downward.

The plates were not able to move while they were pressing together and no plate material was pushed upward.

The edges of the plates were not pushed upward but they were broken into smaller pieces.

Henri claimed that when two plates press together, one effect is that a mountain can form. Which of the following statements provide evidence for Henri’s claim?

When two dense oceanic plates come together, the plate that is older and more dense will subduct below the other plate.

When dense oceanic crust comes together with a less dense continental crust, the more dense crust plows into the continental crust.

Even though plate material is hard, it can still be bent and folded over a long period of time, like when two towels are pushed together.

The Appalachian Mts. are one of the oldest mountains in the United States

Use this image to help answer question 14
How and where do volcanoes form?

Volcanoes form when melted rock reaches the Earth’s surface. They are only formed on top of continental crusts.

Volcanoes form when melted rock reaches the Earth’s surface. Volcanoes are formed near plate boundaries and in chains over a hot spot.

Volcanoes form when melted rock reaches the Earth’s surface only where oceanic crust meets a continental crust.

Volcanoes form when rock at Earth’s surface is subjected to intense heat and pressure.

Use this image to help answer question 15

The Hawaiian Islands are a typical example of a hotspot. Only the Big Island, Hawaii, has active volcanoes. Why is Big Island active while the other islands are not active? Select all that apply.

The Big Island is the biggest island which is why it is an active volcano.

A hot spot is a fixed source of heat that melts rock in the mantle; heated rock rises through the plate to the surface of Earth and eventually forms a volcano.

Over time the plate moves, taking the volcano with it. As it is no longer over the heat source, the volcano becomes extinct.

The heat source that used to cause the other volcanoes to erupt has cooled down and is no longer melting rock.

Use this image to help answer question 16 and 17

In your volcano model (simulation) the wax at the bottom of the beaker represented the rock beneath the Earth’s surface, the sand was the layer of rock just above the layer represented by the wax and the water represented the surface of the Earth. Why did the wax move to the surface of the water?

The weight and pressure of the upper layers pushed the wax upward

When heated some of the wax became less dense than the surrounding wax and water so it rose to the water's surface

When the wax melted, it weighed much less so it raised to the top of the water

The heat caused a chemical reaction to take place which released the wax and caused it to melt

All models have limitations. How is this model unlike the real world? Select all that apply.

Wax melts at a much lower temperature and more quickly than actual rock on the Earth.

The top layer is water but represents a solid rock layer.

In this model, there is a heat source at the bottom that causes some of the rock to melt.

The wax that cools on the surface of the model has a flat shape, but over time would build into a cone-shaped landform such as a volcano.

The Appalachian Mountains are about 450 million years old and about 2000 meters tall. The Himalayan Mountains are about 20 million years old and 8800 meters tall. Which statement best explains why these two mountain ranges have different characteristics?

The Appalachian Mountains have been more eroded than the Himalayan Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains have had more earthquakes than the Himalayan Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains were formed from the continental crust and the Himalayan Mountains were formed from oceanic crust

The Appalachian Mountains were formed from igneous rocks and the Himalayan Mountains were formed from sedimentary rocks

Which of the following is TRUE about when mountains have developed on Earth?

All mountains on Earth today were present when Earth was formed.

Mountains have been developing continuously since Earth formed, and mountains are still developing today.

Mountains developed for a while after Earth first formed, but no new mountains are developing today.

Mountains have only occasionally developed since Earth formed.

Use this image to help answer question 20

What happens when two plates move alongside each other?

A volcanic mountain chain is formed

Plates scrape against each other which causes earthquakes and destruction of buildings

Falling debris and rocks cause deadly avalanches

Tall jagged mountains are formed

Use this image to help answer question 21

Which is not a feature of two oceanic plates that move away from each other?

As the melted rock is pushed away, it takes the plate with the new crust with it like a conveyor belt

New crust is added each time magma erupts, creating a ridge of underwater mountains

One crust subducts below another crust and as it subducts it melts. The melted rock rises to the surface and creates a volcanoe

The rocks on the ocean floor are gradually older as you move farther away from mid-ocean ridges

Use this image to help answer question 22
The Himalayan mountains are formed where two continental plates collide. What happens at these types of boundaries?

When two continental plates collide the volcanoes are lifted up on top of new mountains which causes many earthquakes

When two continental plates move toward each other, neither one moves below the other. The plates slowly collide and crumple forming tall mountains

When two continental plates come in contact with each other a couple of these happen. First, there are great explosions and earthquakes and then rock bubble up and eventually creates mountains.

When two continental plates collide, one subducts below the other which pushes up new mountains. The mountains start to melt because of heat and pressure and sometimes volcanoes are formed.

Use this image to help answer question 23

Mount St. Helens is located where an oceanic plate moves toward a continental plate. What happens at these types of boundaries? Select all that apply.

Ocean floor plates subduct beneath continental plates because they are thinner and denser, so they sink relative to the thicker less dense continental plates. Once the slab moves beneath the other plate, gravity pulls the entire slab downward into the mantle and it starts to melt.

Continental plates push the oceanic plate down because it is much more dense than the oceanic crust. The pressure from pushing the oceanic plate down causes the rock in the mountain to melt and form a volcano.

The melted rock is less dense than the surrounding rock and will rise through the upper layers forming a volcano or if in the ocean, volcanic islands. Where the two plates meet a deep canyon called a trench will form.

When an ocean plate meets a continental plate a few things will happen. First, there will be volcanic islands developed on the ocean floor with extreme earthquakes and tsunamis. There may be some underwater moraines and canyons formed.

Use this image to help answer question 24

The solid rock of the cliff in this photograph is part of a continent. What is the relationship between the continent and Earth’s plates?

The continent is part of a plate

The continent is next to but is not part of a plate

The continent is on top of a layer of water that is above a plate

The continent is directly on top of a plate but is not part of the plate

What are ways that plates can move in relation to other plates? Select all that apply

Plates can move alongside each other

Plates can slide on top of another plate

Plates can move toward each other.

Plates can move away from each other.

Use this image to help answer question 1

What evidence tells us that in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there is a divergent oceanic plate boundary? Select all that apply.

When ocean plates pull apart, magma flows through the cracks. New crust is formed as magma cools and hardens. Over time a mid-ocean ridge is formed, like the one that runs down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

The age of the ocean crust. The youngest rocks are found closest to where oceanic plates are divergent and get gradually older farther away from the boundary.

Deep ocean trenches can be found where the two ocean plates are pulling away from one another.

The oldest rocks are found at the boundary where a very old oceanic crust is finally breaking into two pieces.

Use this image to help answer question 
2.Using the diagram, explain where new plate material can come from. Select all that apply. There are 2 correct answers.

When one plate subducts below another plate, rock material melts and eventually erupts onto Earth’s surface through a volcano.

New plate material is also found where divergent plate boundaries are spreading and magma fills the gaps forming underwater mountain ridges.

New plate material is formed when continental plates converge and form mountains.

New plate material forms when a plate slides by another plate and causes severe earthquakes.

Use this image to help answer question 3

3. Hotspots can form island chains because the plate moves on Earth’s surface, but the hotspot beneath the surface remains fixed. Scientists can look at the position of the island chains and determine the direction the plate moves. The Hawaiian Islands sit on the Pacific plate. In what direction do you think it is moving?  Select all that apply.

The Pacific plate is moving Southeast because the Hawaiian island is still an active volcano.

The Pacific plate is moving toward the North/ Northwest. The Hawaiian Island chain is angled toward the NW and only the largest Big Island is still volcanically active. The Big Island is the last island sitting the farthest South/Southeast.

The Pacific plate is moving due East because it is pulling away from the North American plate.

Use this image to help answer questions 4-7
The Pacific Plate is sliding past the North American Plate bringing a part of California with it. What would you expect to find where these plates meet?

tall jagged mountains

wide rift valley

earthquakes

elongated lakes

The Nazca Plate is converging with the South American Plate. What features would you expect to find along the coast of South America where the plates are converging?

wide rift valley

volcanic mountains

new ocean crust

volcanic island chain

 The Nazca Plate is also converging with the South American Plate. What features would you expect to find on the ocean floor where the plates are converging?

deep ocean trenches

mid-ocean ridges

tall jagged mountains

folded mountains

The Pacific Plate and the Nazca Plate appear to be moving away from each other. What features would you expect to find on the ocean floor?

deep ocean trenches

mid-ocean ridges

tall jagged mountains

folded mountains

 How are volcanoes formed? Select all that apply.

Volcanoes are formed when magma from deep inside the Earth rises to Earth’s surface and erupts.

Often when two plates converge one plate subducts below the other plate. The subducting plate melts and magma rises to the surface and forms a volcanic island or a volcanic mountain.

Volcanoes are formed when large continents get so thick that the pressure on the mantle below causes rock to melt and rise to the surface to form a volcano.

Sometimes volcanoes form when a stationary magma plume (called a hotspot) deep in the Earth releases magma and it rises through the surface to form a volcano. The plate eventually moves, taking the now dormant volcano with it while the hot spot continues to erupt to form a new volcano.

If scientists discovered a new planet very much like Earth, where would you predict that planet would have the greatest concentration of volcanoes?

On its tectonic plates.

On the edges of its continents in higher elevations.

In its oceans.

In the middle of its continents.

Use this image to answer questions 10 and 11

What plate motion is happening at point B?

A convergent boundary where two plates collide.

A divergent boundary where two plates pull apart.

A transform boundary where two plates slide past each other.

Not enough information is given to identify the plate motion.

 What plate motion is happening at point A?

A convergent boundary where two plates collide.

A divergent boundary where two plates pull apart.

A transform boundary where two plates slide past each other.

Not enough information is given to be able to identify the plate motion.

Two of Earth’s plates pressed together for many millions of years. What happened if they pressed together in a place where oceanic plate material meets continental plate material?

The continental plate material was pushed downward.

The oceanic plate material was pushed downward.

The plates were not able to move while they were pressing together and no plate material was pushed upward.

The edges of the plates were not pushed upward but they were broken into smaller pieces.

Henri claimed that when two plates press together, one effect is that a mountain can form. Which of the following statements provide evidence for Henri’s claim?

When two dense oceanic plates come together, the plate that is older and more dense will subduct below the other plate.

When dense oceanic crust comes together with a less dense continental crust, the more dense crust plows into the continental crust.

Even though plate material is hard, it can still be bent and folded over a long period of time, like when two towels are pushed together.

The Appalachian Mts. are one of the oldest mountains in the United States

Use this image to help answer question 14
How and where do volcanoes form?

Volcanoes form when melted rock reaches the Earth’s surface. They are only formed on top of continental crusts.

Volcanoes form when melted rock reaches the Earth’s surface. Volcanoes are formed near plate boundaries and in chains over a hot spot.

Volcanoes form when melted rock reaches the Earth’s surface only where oceanic crust meets a continental crust.

Volcanoes form when rock at Earth’s surface is subjected to intense heat and pressure.

Use this image to help answer question 15

 The Hawaiian Islands are a typical example of a hotspot. Only the Big Island, Hawaii, has active volcanoes. Why is Big Island active while the other islands are not active? Select all that apply.

The Big Island is the biggest island which is why it is an active volcano.

A hot spot is a fixed source of heat that melts rock in the mantle; heated rock rises through the plate to the surface of Earth and eventually forms a volcano.

Over time the plate moves, taking the volcano with it. As it is no longer over the heat source, the volcano becomes extinct.

The heat source that used to cause the other volcanoes to erupt has cooled down and is no longer melting rock.

Use this image to help answer question 16 and 17

In your volcano model (simulation) the wax at the bottom of the beaker represented the rock beneath the Earth’s surface, the sand was the layer of rock just above the layer represented by the wax and the water represented the surface of the Earth. Why did the wax move to the surface of the water?

The weight and pressure of the upper layers pushed the wax upward

When heated some of the wax became less dense than the surrounding wax and water so it rose to the water's surface

When the wax melted, it weighed much less so it raised to the top of the water

The heat caused a chemical reaction to take place which released the wax and caused it to melt

All models have limitations. How is this model unlike the real world? Select all that apply.

Wax melts at a much lower temperature and more quickly than actual rock on the Earth.

The top layer is water but represents a solid rock layer.

In this model, there is a heat source at the bottom that causes some of the rock to melt.

The wax that cools on the surface of the model has a flat shape, but over time would build into a cone-shaped landform such as a volcano.

The Appalachian Mountains are about 450 million years old and about 2000 meters tall. The Himalayan Mountains are about 20 million years old and 8800 meters tall. Which statement best explains why these two mountain ranges have different characteristics?

The Appalachian Mountains have been more eroded than the Himalayan Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains have had more earthquakes than the Himalayan Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains were formed from the continental crust and the Himalayan Mountains were formed from oceanic crust

The Appalachian Mountains were formed from igneous rocks and the Himalayan Mountains were formed from sedimentary rocks

Which of the following is TRUE about when mountains have developed on Earth?

All mountains on Earth today were present when Earth was formed.

Mountains have been developing continuously since Earth formed, and mountains are still developing today.

Mountains developed for a while after Earth first formed, but no new mountains are developing today.

Mountains have only occasionally developed since Earth formed.

Use this image to help answer question 20

What happens when two plates move alongside each other?

A volcanic mountain chain is formed

Plates scrape against each other which causes earthquakes and destruction of buildings

Falling debris and rocks cause deadly avalanches

Tall jagged mountains are formed

Use this image to help answer question 21

 Which is not a feature of two oceanic plates that move away from each other?

As the melted rock is pushed away, it takes the plate with the new crust with it like a conveyor belt

New crust is added each time magma erupts, creating a ridge of underwater mountains

One crust subducts below another crust and as it subducts it melts. The melted rock rises to the surface and creates a volcanoe

The rocks on the ocean floor are gradually older as you move farther away from mid-ocean ridges

Use this image to help answer question 22
The Himalayan mountains are formed where two continental plates collide. What happens at these types of boundaries?

When two continental plates collide the volcanoes are lifted up on top of new mountains which causes many earthquakes

When two continental plates move toward each other, neither one moves below the other. The plates slowly collide and crumple forming tall mountains

When two continental plates come in contact with each other a couple of these happen. First, there are great explosions and earthquakes and then rock bubble up and eventually creates mountains.

When two continental plates collide, one subducts below the other which pushes up new mountains. The mountains start to melt because of heat and pressure and sometimes volcanoes are formed.

Use this image to help answer question 23

 Mount St. Helens is located where an oceanic plate moves toward a continental plate. What happens at these types of boundaries? Select all that apply.

Ocean floor plates subduct beneath continental plates because they are thinner and denser, so they sink relative to the thicker less dense continental plates. Once the slab moves beneath the other plate, gravity pulls the entire slab downward into the mantle and it starts to melt.

Continental plates push the oceanic plate down because it is much more dense than the oceanic crust. The pressure from pushing the oceanic plate down causes the rock in the mountain to melt and form a volcano.

The melted rock is less dense than the surrounding rock and will rise through the upper layers forming a volcano or if in the ocean, volcanic islands. Where the two plates meet a deep canyon called a trench will form.

When an ocean plate meets a continental plate a few things will happen. First, there will be volcanic islands developed on the ocean floor with extreme earthquakes and tsunamis. There may be some underwater moraines and canyons formed.

Use this image to help answer question 24

The solid rock of the cliff in this photograph is part of a continent. What is the relationship between the continent and Earth’s plates?

The continent is part of a plate

The continent is next to but is not part of a plate

The continent is on top of a layer of water that is above a plate

The continent is directly on top of a plate but is not part of the plate

What are ways that plates can move in relation to other plates? Select all that apply

Plates can move alongside each other

Plates can slide on top of another plate

Plates can move toward each other.

Plates can move away from each other.

Science Test 2 9/23/2022

Science Test 2 9/23/2022

Use this image to help answer question 1What evidence tells us that in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there is a divergent oceanic plate boundary? Select all that apply.

Use this image to help answer question 2.Using the diagram, explain where new plate material can come from. Select all that apply. There are 2 correct answers.

Use this image to help answer questions 4-7The Pacific Plate is sliding past the North American Plate bringing a part of California with it. What would you expect to find where these plates meet?

The Nazca Plate is converging with the South American Plate. What features would you expect to find along the coast of South America where the plates are converging?

The Nazca Plate is also converging with the South American Plate. What features would you expect to find on the ocean floor where the plates are converging?

The Pacific Plate and the Nazca Plate appear to be moving away from each other. What features would you expect to find on the ocean floor?

How are volcanoes formed? Select all that apply.

If scientists discovered a new planet very much like Earth, where would you predict that planet would have the greatest concentration of volcanoes?

Use this image to answer questions 10 and 11What plate motion is happening at point B?

What plate motion is happening at point A?

Two of Earth’s plates pressed together for many millions of years. What happened if they pressed together in a place where oceanic plate material meets continental plate material?

Henri claimed that when two plates press together, one effect is that a mountain can form. Which of the following statements provide evidence for Henri’s claim?

Use this image to help answer question 14How and where do volcanoes form?

Use this image to help answer question 15 The Hawaiian Islands are a typical example of a hotspot. Only the Big Island, Hawaii, has active volcanoes. Why is Big Island active while the other islands are not active? Select all that apply.

All models have limitations. How is this model unlike the real world? Select all that apply.

The Appalachian Mountains are about 450 million years old and about 2000 meters tall. The Himalayan Mountains are about 20 million years old and 8800 meters tall. Which statement best explains why these two mountain ranges have different characteristics?

Which of the following is TRUE about when mountains have developed on Earth?

Use this image to help answer question 20What happens when two plates move alongside each other?

Use this image to help answer question 21 Which is not a feature of two oceanic plates that move away from each other?

Use this image to help answer question 22The Himalayan mountains are formed where two continental plates collide. What happens at these types of boundaries?

Use this image to help answer question 23 Mount St. Helens is located where an oceanic plate moves toward a continental plate. What happens at these types of boundaries? Select all that apply.

Use this image to help answer question 24The solid rock of the cliff in this photograph is part of a continent. What is the relationship between the continent and Earth’s plates?

What are ways that plates can move in relation to other plates? Select all that apply

Use this image to help answer question 1

What evidence tells us that in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there is a divergent oceanic plate boundary? Select all that apply.

Use this image to help answer question
2.Using the diagram, explain where new plate material can come from. Select all that apply. There are 2 correct answers.

Use this image to help answer questions 4-7
The Pacific Plate is sliding past the North American Plate bringing a part of California with it. What would you expect to find where these plates meet?

Use this image to answer questions 10 and 11

What plate motion is happening at point B?

Use this image to help answer question 14
How and where do volcanoes form?

Use this image to help answer question 15

The Hawaiian Islands are a typical example of a hotspot. Only the Big Island, Hawaii, has active volcanoes. Why is Big Island active while the other islands are not active? Select all that apply.

Use this image to help answer question 20

What happens when two plates move alongside each other?

Use this image to help answer question 21

Which is not a feature of two oceanic plates that move away from each other?

Use this image to help answer question 22
The Himalayan mountains are formed where two continental plates collide. What happens at these types of boundaries?

Use this image to help answer question 23

Mount St. Helens is located where an oceanic plate moves toward a continental plate. What happens at these types of boundaries? Select all that apply.

Use this image to help answer question 24

The solid rock of the cliff in this photograph is part of a continent. What is the relationship between the continent and Earth’s plates?