
Cells are able to control genes by turning genes on and off. This process is known as gene expression. Genes are turned on and off in different arrangements to make a stomach cell function differently from a muscle cell or a brain cell.

How do cells control genes?
Gene Mutations
If the sequence of nucleotide bases from the DNA to the RNA is transcribed or translated incorrectly, the protein may not function properly. This error creates a change in the gene sequence or chromosome.

Removing ________ changes the way the DNA
A gene mutation is a permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell. The mutation can be a change in the order of bases, number of bases, or types of bases. Mutations may be harmful, be beneficial, or have no effect on an organism at all.
Mistakes can happen when DNA is copied during replication, causing proteins to not work properly. When this happens, it can affect the structure, function, and traits of organisms. Mutations that cause proteins to fail can lead to serious medical conditions or diseases.

Mutations can be caused by harmful chemical agents, X-rays, high temperatures, and viruses. They can result in altered genes and even extra or missing chromosomes. A physical or chemical agent that can cause a change in DNA is a mutagen.
Make a list of some of the causes of mutations.
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A physical or chemical agent that can cause a change in DNA is known as a
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Mutations that occur in genes can cause conditions known as genetic disorders. Some of the more common genetic disorders caused by gene mutations include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease. On the other hand, some mutations can be beneficial.
Mutations that occur in genes can cause...
What are some of the common genetic disorders?
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Mutations can be...
Mutations that cause proteins to fail can lead to