AP Biology Benchmark #5 Cell Structures and Function

Last updated 3 months ago

21 questions

1

2

3

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AP Biology Benchmark #5 Cell Structures and Function

Last updated 3 months ago

21 questions

1

2

1

Surface Area (SA) of a cube = 6 x side length x side length
Volume = side length x side length x side length

Calculate the surface area/volume ratio for a cube shaped cell with the length of a side of 1cm.

2

Starting with your calculated surface area/volume ratio for a 1 cm cell, draw a graph that predicts the surface area/volume ratio for cells with the length of a side 1 - 10 cm.

3

Redraw your graph. Looking at the cells below, assume that cell 'a' has a side length of 9 cm. Assume cell 'b' has a length of 4 cm. Indicate on your graph where cell 'c' could be. Is it located on your predicted line? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

3

Evolution has favored the division of cells once they become too large.
Explain how this could improve a multicellular organism's fitness.
Describe 2 additional requirements for multicellular organisms to maintain fitness that contain many smaller cells like in the diagram below.

3

Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells send chemical signals in the form of protein to the outside environment. Prokaryotes can complete this faster than eukaryotic cells. Explain how is this possible? (Multiple reasons.)

Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus

Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.

Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system.

Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

in the nucleolus

in lysosomes

in mitochondria

in the Golgi apparatus

Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism. This leads to a collection of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains too many ribosomes which results in an overproduction of the enzyme involved in carbohydrate catalysis.

The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for cellular respiration.

The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles with faulty membranes that leak their contents into the cytoplasm of the cell.

The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit through the Golgi apparatus.

Secretory proteins in transit from one part of the cell to another are carried in lysosomes.

The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is continuous with the cell nucleus.

Lysosomes merge with food vacuoles to prepare macromolecules for use in the mitochondria.

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.

Only plant cells contain chloroplasts, and only animal cells contain mitochondria.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are part of the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

The quanitities of chloroplasts and mitochondria can vary within an animal cell, depending upon its needs.

The development of electron microscopy has provided key insights inot many aspects of cellular sturture and function, which had previously been too small to seen. Which of the following would require the use of electron microscopy for visualizaiton?

The cells making up the stem of a flower.

The cells swabbed form an ear to treat an ear infection.

The pores on the nuclear membrane.

The shape and arrangement of bacterial cells.

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is characterized by ribosomes bound to its surface, while the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks them. This structural difference accounts for which primary functional distinction between the two?

RER is the main site of ATP production, while SER is the main site of cellular respiration.

RER packages proteins for secretion, while SER synthesizes proteins for the cytosol.

RER is involved in protein synthesis and modification, while SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

RER stores calcium ions, while SER synthesizes phospholipids for all cellular membranes.

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.

Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds.

Flatten the cube into a pancake shape.

Round the clay up into a sphere.

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate, or separate, the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share several key characteristics that support the Endosymbiotic Theory. Which of the following is NOT one of these shared characteristics?

They both contain a single, circular DNA molecule.

They both are enclosed by a single lipid bilayer membrane.

They both contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to prokaryotic ribosomes.

They both grow and reproduce as semi-autonomous organelles within the cell.

Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Lymphocytes are spherical, red blood cells disc-shaped, wan muscle and nerve cells are cylindrical. Which of the following correctly matches a cell type with an advantage of its shape?

Lymphocytes are spherical, which makes it easier for them to move through blood vessels to target pathogens.

Red blood cells are rod-shaped, which make them flexible and allows them to take in oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Neve cells ar ecylindrical, which makes it easier for them to travel travel through spinal fluid to repair injuries.

Muscle cells are spherical, which makes it easier for cells to send signals to other muscles.

2

Based on an analysis of the data, make a claim about the likely primary function of each cell type.

2

Clearly explain your reasoning of how the data supports the identification of each cell type.

Surface Area (SA) of a cube = 6 x side length x side length
Volume = side length x side length x side length

Calculate the surface area/volume ratio for a cube shaped cell with the length of a side of 1cm.

Starting with your calculated surface area/volume ratio for a 1 cm cell, draw a graph that predicts the surface area/volume ratio for cells with the length of a side 1 - 10 cm.

Redraw your graph. Looking at the cells below, assume that cell 'a' has a side length of 9 cm. Assume cell 'b' has a length of 4 cm. Indicate on your graph where cell 'c' could be. Is it located on your predicted line? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Evolution has favored the division of cells once they become too large.
Explain how this could improve a multicellular organism's fitness.
Describe 2 additional requirements for multicellular organisms to maintain fitness that contain many smaller cells like in the diagram below.

Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells send chemical signals in the form of protein to the outside environment. Prokaryotes can complete this faster than eukaryotic cells. Explain how is this possible? (Multiple reasons.)

Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus

Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.

Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system.

Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

in the nucleolus

in lysosomes

in mitochondria

in the Golgi apparatus

Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for lipid metabolism. This leads to a collection of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains too many ribosomes which results in an overproduction of the enzyme involved in carbohydrate catalysis.

The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for cellular respiration.

The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles with faulty membranes that leak their contents into the cytoplasm of the cell.

The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

endoplasmic reticulum.

mitochondria

lysosomes

peroxisomes

ribosomes

Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit through the Golgi apparatus.

Secretory proteins in transit from one part of the cell to another are carried in lysosomes.

The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is continuous with the cell nucleus.

Lysosomes merge with food vacuoles to prepare macromolecules for use in the mitochondria.

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.

Only plant cells contain chloroplasts, and only animal cells contain mitochondria.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are part of the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell.

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP.

The quanitities of chloroplasts and mitochondria can vary within an animal cell, depending upon its needs.

The development of electron microscopy has provided key insights inot many aspects of cellular sturture and function, which had previously been too small to seen. Which of the following would require the use of electron microscopy for visualizaiton?

The cells making up the stem of a flower.

The cells swabbed form an ear to treat an ear infection.

The pores on the nuclear membrane.

The shape and arrangement of bacterial cells.

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is characterized by ribosomes bound to its surface, while the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks them. This structural difference accounts for which primary functional distinction between the two?

RER is the main site of ATP production, while SER is the main site of cellular respiration.

RER packages proteins for secretion, while SER synthesizes proteins for the cytosol.

RER is involved in protein synthesis and modification, while SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

RER stores calcium ions, while SER synthesizes phospholipids for all cellular membranes.

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.

Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds.

Flatten the cube into a pancake shape.

Round the clay up into a sphere.

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate, or separate, the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

mitochondria and chloroplasts.

chloroplasts and peroxisomes.

peroxisomes and chloroplasts.

chloroplasts and mitochondria.

mitochondria and peroxisomes.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share several key characteristics that support the Endosymbiotic Theory. Which of the following is NOT one of these shared characteristics?

They both contain a single, circular DNA molecule.

They both are enclosed by a single lipid bilayer membrane.

They both contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to prokaryotic ribosomes.

They both grow and reproduce as semi-autonomous organelles within the cell.

Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Lymphocytes are spherical, red blood cells disc-shaped, wan muscle and nerve cells are cylindrical. Which of the following correctly matches a cell type with an advantage of its shape?

Lymphocytes are spherical, which makes it easier for them to move through blood vessels to target pathogens.

Red blood cells are rod-shaped, which make them flexible and allows them to take in oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Neve cells ar ecylindrical, which makes it easier for them to travel travel through spinal fluid to repair injuries.

Muscle cells are spherical, which makes it easier for cells to send signals to other muscles.

Based on an analysis of the data, make a claim about the likely primary function of each cell type.

AP Biology Benchmark #5 Cell Structures and Function

AP Biology Benchmark #5 Cell Structures and Function

Surface Area (SA) of a cube = 6 x side length x side lengthVolume = side length x side length x side lengthCalculate the surface area/volume ratio for a cube shaped cell with the length of a side of 1cm.

Starting with your calculated surface area/volume ratio for a 1 cm cell, draw a graph that predicts the surface area/volume ratio for cells with the length of a side 1 - 10 cm.

Redraw your graph. Looking at the cells below, assume that cell 'a' has a side length of 9 cm. Assume cell 'b' has a length of 4 cm. Indicate on your graph where cell 'c' could be. Is it located on your predicted line? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Evolution has favored the division of cells once they become too large. Explain how this could improve a multicellular organism's fitness. Describe 2 additional requirements for multicellular organisms to maintain fitness that contain many smaller cells like in the diagram below.

Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells send chemical signals in the form of protein to the outside environment. Prokaryotes can complete this faster than eukaryotic cells. Explain how is this possible? (Multiple reasons.)

Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function.

The development of electron microscopy has provided key insights inot many aspects of cellular sturture and function, which had previously been too small to seen. Which of the following would require the use of electron microscopy for visualizaiton?

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is characterized by ribosomes bound to its surface, while the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks them. This structural difference accounts for which primary functional distinction between the two?

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share several key characteristics that support the Endosymbiotic Theory. Which of the following is NOT one of these shared characteristics?

Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Lymphocytes are spherical, red blood cells disc-shaped, wan muscle and nerve cells are cylindrical. Which of the following correctly matches a cell type with an advantage of its shape?

Based on an analysis of the data, make a claim about the likely primary function of each cell type.

Clearly explain your reasoning of how the data supports the identification of each cell type.

Surface Area (SA) of a cube = 6 x side length x side lengthVolume = side length x side length x side lengthCalculate the surface area/volume ratio for a cube shaped cell with the length of a side of 1cm.

Starting with your calculated surface area/volume ratio for a 1 cm cell, draw a graph that predicts the surface area/volume ratio for cells with the length of a side 1 - 10 cm.

Redraw your graph. Looking at the cells below, assume that cell 'a' has a side length of 9 cm. Assume cell 'b' has a length of 4 cm. Indicate on your graph where cell 'c' could be. Is it located on your predicted line? Why or why not? Explain your answer.

Evolution has favored the division of cells once they become too large. Explain how this could improve a multicellular organism's fitness. Describe 2 additional requirements for multicellular organisms to maintain fitness that contain many smaller cells like in the diagram below.

Both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells send chemical signals in the form of protein to the outside environment. Prokaryotes can complete this faster than eukaryotic cells. Explain how is this possible? (Multiple reasons.)

Clearly explain your reasoning of how the data supports the identification of each cell type.

Surface Area (SA) of a cube = 6 x side length x side length
Volume = side length x side length x side length

Calculate the surface area/volume ratio for a cube shaped cell with the length of a side of 1cm.

Evolution has favored the division of cells once they become too large.
Explain how this could improve a multicellular organism's fitness.
Describe 2 additional requirements for multicellular organisms to maintain fitness that contain many smaller cells like in the diagram below.

Surface Area (SA) of a cube = 6 x side length x side length
Volume = side length x side length x side length

Calculate the surface area/volume ratio for a cube shaped cell with the length of a side of 1cm.

Evolution has favored the division of cells once they become too large.
Explain how this could improve a multicellular organism's fitness.
Describe 2 additional requirements for multicellular organisms to maintain fitness that contain many smaller cells like in the diagram below.