11/10 El Nino-La Nina 4.9 - Ryan Beeler | Laabri

Your Task:

El Niño is often in the news because of the effect it has on the weather worldwide. The occurrence of an El Niño (or La Niña) is determined by an analysis of sea-surface temperatures. An El Niño occurs when there is a weakening in the trade winds off the coast of Peru. These winds typically transport warm water toward the western part of the Pacific Ocean. This water is replaced by colder, nutrient rich water from the deep ocean below. When the winds weaken, warmer waters remain off the coast of Peru and the upwelling is reduced or stopped. Without the upwelling, the productivity of these areas decreases.

In this activity, you are going to compare the sea surface temperature patterns during a major El Niño occurrence to a time more representative of long-term average conditions.

Note: The accompanying maps of the Pacific Ocean display sea-surface temperature patterns. The lines drawn on the map are constant temperature lines called isotherms. Each isothermis labeled according to the temperatureit represents, in °C. The difference from one isotherm to the next on the maps is 2° C.

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Instructions:
1. To start, use colored pencils to fill in the color key provided.
2. Then color the entire Pacific Ocean by referring to the color key. Start by coloring inside the 30°C with the assigned color. Make sure you color LIGHTLY. You will be writing on top of the colors.
3. Using the next colorin your color key, follow the same procedure for the next lower temperature band that ranges between 30°C and 28°C.
4. Continue this process for all the temperature ranges in your color key.
5. ON YOUR MAP showing Normal Conditions, indicate where upwelling occurs near Peru.
6. ON YOUR El Niño map, indicate the weather conditions for Australia and Peru by writing “W” where wet weather will occur and a “D” where the land will be dry and result in a drought.

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Location of low pressure system and generating rainfall

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Eastern Pacific		Normal Year
Western Pacific with heavy rainfall		El Nino Year
Western Pacific		La Nina Year

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Coastal wind along the west coast of South America (compass direction and relative strength)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Western Pacific with heavy rainfall		Normal Year
Western Pacific		El Nino Year
Eastern Pacific		La Nina Year

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Relative strength of upwelling off the coast of South America (weak, normal, strong)

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Strong		Normal Year
Normal		El Nino Year
Weak		La Nina Year

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Position of thermocline

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Shallow		Normal Year
Deep		El Nino Year
Normal		La Nina Year

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Location of warm surface water

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Western Pacific		Normal Year
Middle Pacific		El Nino Year
Eastern Pacific		La Nina Year

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Wet weather conditions including flooding in some cases.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Western coast of North and South America		Normal Year
Northeast coast of Australia and Indonesia		El Nino Year
Western Pacific		La Nina Year

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The fish and birds leave this area due to a lack of upwelling during an El Nino year.

Northeast coast of Australia and Indonesia

Western coast of North and South America

Western Pacific

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Describe two characteristics of an El Nino year.

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Describe two characteristics of an La Nina year

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How can you tell the difference between an El Nino or La Nina year?

The location of the warm Atlantic equatorial waters

The location of the cold Antarctic polar waters

The location of the warm Pacific equatorial waters

The location of the cold Pacific polar waters

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What are the economic consequences of an El Nino year?

Hot, dry summers in Asia and Australia that lead to fires, as well as flooding rains in western North and South America

Hot, dry summers in western North and South America that lead to fires, as well as flooding rains in Asia and Australia

Cold, wet winters in Asia and Australia that lead to overgrowth of rainforests, as well as hot, dry winters in North and South America

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What is the cause of the weather changes in an El Nino year?

The warm Pacific equatorial waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean

The cold Atlantic equatorial waters in the western Atlantic Ocean

The warm Atlantic equatorial waters in the western Atlantic Ocean

The warm Pacific equatorial waters in the western Pacific Ocean

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What relationship is there between El Niño and North Atlantic hurricanes? La Niña and North Atlantic hurricanes?

El Niño and La Niña are the same for hurricanes

They are both exclusively weather phenomena

Fewer hurricanes during a La Niña, and more during an El Niño

More hurricanes during a La Niña, and less during an El Niño