Unit 4 Study Guide

Last updated over 3 years ago

40 questions

1

HS-ESS2-2

HS-ESS2-5

1

HS-ESS2-2

HS-ESS3-4

1

HS-ESS2-4

HS-ESS3-2

5

1

10

1

2

1

EEn.2.3.1

1

EEn.2.3.1

1

Library

Unit 4 Study Guide

Last updated over 3 years ago

40 questions

1

HS-ESS2-2

HS-ESS2-5

1

HS-ESS2-2

HS-ESS3-4

1

HS-ESS2-4

HS-ESS3-2

5

1

10

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

1

2

1

EEn.2.3.1

1

EEn.2.3.1

1

Draggable item		Corresponding Item

The water cycle is continually moving

True

False

What does evaporation change water to?

liquid

gas

nothing, it's water

solid

What does condensation
change water to?

liquid 

gas

nothing, it's water

solid

What are two ways that water enters the atmosphere to become water vapor?

evaporation and transpiration

condensation and crystallization

precipitation and condensation

surface run-off and groundwater flow

During which process of the water cycle does water vapor cool in the air to form clouds?

evaporation

transpiration

respiration

condensation

When run-off water seeps through porous soil, it becomes ________.

surface-water flow (surface water run-off)

transpiration

groundwater flow (groundwater run-off)

precipitation

In which part of the water cycle do plants release excess water vapor into the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

evaporation

transpiration

precipitation

What are the two driving forces behind the water cycle?

gravity and heat energy from the Sun

Earth's revolution around the Sun and gravity

thermal energy and the moon

gravity and the Earth's rotation

What percent of the Earth's water
is fresh water?

10%

97%

3%

5%

The largest reservoir of freshwater that is available to humans is ____________.

Lakes and Reservoirs

Glaciers

Groundwater

River Water

Approximately ____________ percent of Earth's area is represented by oceans and marginal seas.

Most freshwater on Earth exists in:

groundwater

rivers and lakes

runoff

glaciers and ice

Most of the water on Earth exists primarily in which of the following locations?

Oceans

Rivers and lakes

Groundwater

Glaciers and ice

What is the process by which water enters the small pore spaces between particles in soil or rocks?

transpiration

infiltration

precipitation

sublimation

Look at the image above. What is the difference between the saturated and the unsaturated zones of ground water?

the saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone

the saturated zone has a lower porosity than the unsaturated zone

the pore spaces in the saturated zone are completely full of water; the pore
spaces in the unsaturated zone are not completely full of water.

the pore spaces in the saturated zone are not completely full of water; the pore
spaces in the unsaturated zone are completely full of water

The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the _____.

water table

aquifer

aquiclude

porosity

Ground water is:

precipitation that accumulates underground.

water from magmatic sources that accumulates underground.

water that has always been underground.

water the leaks into the ground from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.

Rain and precipitation causes the water table line to move:

Upward as more water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Downward as less water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Drought or lack of rain causes the water table line to move:

Upward as more water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Downward as less water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Match the type of pollution with its cause.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Mercury or Heavy Metals		bacteria from mammal waste
Plastic		can enter the water as part of acid mine drainage or as metals leach into water over time.
PCBs		Can enter the water as fertilizer, soaps, or detergents enter waterways.
Sediment		a group of chemicals that don't easily break down that was manufactured to produce patins, plastics, and electrical equipment.
Coliform Bacteria		washes into rivers due to runoff, makes the river more turbid or cloudy.
Nutrients		breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, often accumulates in the ocean in the middle of major ocean gyres; can be harmful to marine wildlife.

Which type of pollution can you easily identify the source?

Point Source

Non-Point Source

Which is an example of non-point source pollution?

Red water running directly out of an old mine.

A pipe from an industrial factory directly putting chemical wastes into a river.

Agricultural runoff from fields of land carrying sediment and nutrients.

Match the stage of wastewater treatment with what it removes:

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Secondary		lets most remaining solids and oils settle after large items have already been removed from the wastewater.
Tertiary		adds bacteria and oxygen to help remove any dissolved organic matter in the water; after this stage bacteria are killed usually with chlorine.
Primary		any additional treatment is done at this stage, like removal of nitrogen and phosphate nutrients.

Match the disaster with the correct description:

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Deepwater Horizon Disaster		occured when an oil tanker ran aground in Alaska in 1989, led to legislation that required oil tankers at sea to have an inner and outer hull
Exxon Valdez Disaster		occured when an oil rig experienced a blowout that was unable to be capped for four months in the Gulf of Mexico

What do we call the constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity?

California Current

Surface Currents

Global Conveyor Belt

Gulf Stream

Salt water is _____________ fresh water.

more dense than

less dense than

the same density as

As the temperature of ocean water changes from 10 to 30 degrees C, how does the density change?

The water becomes more dense

The water becomes less dense

The density does not change

It is impossible to predict

What factors create deep ocean currents?

Increase in salinity; increase in temperature

Increase in salinity; decrease in temperature

Decrease in salinity, decrease in temperature

Decrease in salinity, increase in temperature

Which of the following drives global thermohaline (conveyor belt) circulation?

changes in density

changes in pH

changes in wind direction and velocity

changes in gravity

What is the upward movement of cold water from the ocean depths called?

La Nina

Upwelling

Global warming

El Nino

what is density?

mass per unit volume

weight per mass

mass per unit area

weight per volume

The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from ____.

wind

wave action

temperature declines

salinity variations

Ocean currents tend to move warm water where?

Towards the poles

Towards the equator

Ocean currents tend to move cold water where?

Towards the poles

Towards the equator

Ocean currents that are warm tend to cause what type of change to the climate of an area?

They make it warmer than it otherwise would be. 

They make it colder than it otherwise would be.

Ocean currents that are cold tend to cause what type of change to the climate of an area?

They make it warmer than it otherwise would be. 

They make it colder than it otherwise would be.

What is the name of the current that makes Western Europe and the East Coast of North America slightly warmer?

Humbolt Current

Peru Current

Gulf Stream Current

California Current

What process brings cold water that is nutrient rich towards the surface?

Upwelling

Downwelling

Erosion

El Nino

Where can upwelling occur?

Along the western coastline of major continents, where cold water moves upwards towards the shoreline.

Along the eastern coastline of major continents, where warm water moves upwards along the shoreline.

Match the type of shoreline feature to the proper term.

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
Beach Nourishment		large piles of boulders or concrete built on either side of a coastal inlet to let a channel stay open for boats; built to prevent rivermouths or streams from meandering naturally; they completely disrupt and redirect the longshore current.
Barrier Island		a shorline structure made of wood or boalders, concrete, or steel; designed to interrupt the longshore current eroding away the beach; causes more erosion on one side of the structure and less on the other side.
Sea walls		islands along the coast of a continent that are long, narrow offshore desposts of sand or sediment that parallel the coastline.
Jetty		a strcture meant to stop the nautral movement of sand by the waves that crash on the shore; temporarily hold back the ocean; built of concrete, wood, or steel and is a large wall that runs parallel to the beach.
Groin		adding sand back to the beach as a replacement for all the sand that was lost due to erosion.

The water cycle is continually moving

True

False

What does evaporation change water to?

liquid

gas

nothing, it's water

solid

What does condensation
 change water to?

liquid 

gas

nothing, it's water

solid

What are two ways that water enters the atmosphere to become water vapor?

evaporation and transpiration

condensation and crystallization

precipitation and condensation

surface run-off and groundwater flow

During which process of the water cycle does water vapor cool in the air to form clouds?

evaporation

transpiration

respiration

condensation

When run-off water seeps through porous soil, it becomes ________.

surface-water flow (surface water run-off)

transpiration

groundwater flow (groundwater run-off)

precipitation

In which part of the water cycle do plants release excess water vapor into the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

evaporation

transpiration

precipitation

What are the two driving forces behind the water cycle?

gravity and heat energy from the Sun

Earth's revolution around the Sun and gravity

thermal energy and the moon

gravity and the Earth's rotation

What percent of the Earth's water
 is fresh water? 

10%

97%

3%

5%

The largest reservoir of freshwater that is available to humans is ____________.

Lakes and Reservoirs

Glaciers

Groundwater

River Water

Approximately ____________ percent of Earth's area is represented by oceans and
marginal seas.

50

60

70

80

90

Most freshwater on Earth exists in:

groundwater

rivers and lakes

runoff

glaciers and ice

Most of the water on Earth exists primarily in which of the following locations? 

Oceans

Rivers and lakes

Groundwater

Glaciers and ice

What is the process by which water enters the small pore spaces between
particles in soil or rocks?

transpiration

infiltration

precipitation

sublimation

Look at the image above. What is the difference between the saturated and the
unsaturated zones of ground water?

the saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone

the saturated zone has a lower porosity than the unsaturated zone

the pore spaces in the saturated zone are completely full of water; the pore
spaces in the unsaturated zone are not completely full of water.

the pore spaces in the saturated zone are not completely full of water; the pore
spaces in the unsaturated zone are completely full of water

The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the
_____.

water table

aquifer

aquiclude

porosity

Ground water is:

precipitation that accumulates underground.

water from magmatic sources that accumulates underground.

water that has always been underground.

water the leaks into the ground from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.

Rain and precipitation causes the water table line to move:

Upward as more water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Downward as less water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Drought or lack of rain causes the water table line to move:

Upward as more water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Downward as less water fills the pore spaces of rock and sediment.

Match the type of pollution with its cause.

Mercury or Heavy Metals

bacteria from mammal waste

Plastic

can enter the water as part of acid mine drainage or as metals leach into water over time.

PCBs

Can enter the water as fertilizer, soaps, or detergents enter waterways.

Sediment

a group of chemicals that don't easily break down that was manufactured to produce patins, plastics, and electrical equipment.

Coliform Bacteria

washes into rivers due to runoff, makes the river more turbid or cloudy.

Nutrients 

breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, often accumulates in the ocean in the middle of major ocean gyres; can be harmful to marine wildlife.

Which type of pollution can you easily identify the source?

Point Source

Non-Point Source

Which is an example of non-point source pollution?

Red water running directly out of an old mine.

A pipe from an industrial factory directly putting chemical wastes into a river.

Agricultural runoff from fields of land carrying sediment and nutrients.

Match the stage of wastewater treatment with what it removes:

Secondary

lets most remaining solids and oils settle after large items have already been removed from the wastewater.

Tertiary

adds bacteria and oxygen to help remove any dissolved organic matter in the water; after this stage bacteria are killed usually with chlorine.

Primary

any additional treatment is done at this stage, like removal of nitrogen and phosphate nutrients.

Match the disaster with the correct description:

Deepwater Horizon Disaster 

occured when an oil tanker ran aground in Alaska in 1989, led to legislation that required oil tankers at sea to have an inner and outer hull

Exxon Valdez Disaster

occured when an oil rig experienced a blowout that was unable to be capped for four months in the Gulf of Mexico

What do we call the constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity?

California Current

Surface Currents

Global Conveyor Belt

Gulf Stream

Salt water is _____________ fresh water.

more dense than

less dense than

the same density as

As the temperature of ocean water changes from 10 to 30 degrees C, how does the density change?

The water becomes more dense

The water becomes less dense

The density does not change

It is impossible to predict

What factors create deep ocean currents?

Increase in salinity; increase in temperature

Increase in salinity; decrease in temperature

Decrease in salinity, decrease in temperature

Decrease in salinity, increase in temperature

Which of the following drives global thermohaline (conveyor belt) circulation?

changes in density

changes in pH

changes in wind direction and velocity

changes in gravity

What is the upward movement of cold water from the ocean depths called?

La Nina

Upwelling

Global warming

El Nino

what is density?

mass per unit volume

weight per mass

mass per unit area

weight per volume

The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from ____.

wind

wave action

temperature declines

salinity variations

Ocean currents tend to move warm water where?

Towards the poles

Towards the equator

Ocean currents tend to move cold water where?

Towards the poles

Towards the equator

Ocean currents that are warm tend to cause what type of change to the climate of an area?

They make it warmer than it otherwise would be. 

They make it colder than it otherwise would be.

Ocean currents that are cold tend to cause what type of change to the climate of an area?

They make it warmer than it otherwise would be. 

They make it colder than it otherwise would be.

What is the name of the current that makes Western Europe and the East Coast of North America slightly warmer?

Humbolt Current

Peru Current

Gulf Stream Current

California Current

What process brings cold water that is nutrient rich towards the surface?

Upwelling

Downwelling

Erosion

El Nino

Where can upwelling occur?

Along the western coastline of major continents, where cold water moves upwards towards the shoreline.

Along the eastern coastline of major continents, where warm water moves upwards along the shoreline.

Match the type of shoreline feature to the proper term.

Beach Nourishment

large piles of boulders or concrete built on either side of a coastal inlet to let a channel stay open for boats; built to prevent rivermouths or streams from meandering naturally; they completely disrupt and redirect the longshore current.

Barrier Island

a shorline structure made of wood or boalders, concrete,  or steel; designed to interrupt the longshore current eroding away the beach; causes more erosion on one side of the structure and less on the other side.

Sea walls

islands along the coast of a continent that are long, narrow offshore desposts of sand or sediment that parallel the coastline. 

Jetty

a strcture meant to stop the nautral movement of sand by the waves that crash on the shore; temporarily hold back the ocean; built of concrete, wood, or steel and is a large wall that runs parallel to the beach.

Groin

adding sand back to the beach as a replacement for all the sand that was lost due to erosion.

Unit 4 Study Guide

Unit 4 Study Guide

The water cycle is continually moving

What does evaporation change water to?

What does condensation change water to?

What are two ways that water enters the atmosphere to become water vapor?

During which process of the water cycle does water vapor cool in the air to form clouds?

When run-off water seeps through porous soil, it becomes ________.

In which part of the water cycle do plants release excess water vapor into the atmosphere?

What are the two driving forces behind the water cycle?

What percent of the Earth's water is fresh water?

The largest reservoir of freshwater that is available to humans is ____________.

Approximately ____________ percent of Earth's area is represented by oceans and marginal seas.

Most freshwater on Earth exists in:

Most of the water on Earth exists primarily in which of the following locations?

What is the process by which water enters the small pore spaces between particles in soil or rocks?

Look at the image above. What is the difference between the saturated and the unsaturated zones of ground water?

The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated zone is called the _____.

Ground water is:

Rain and precipitation causes the water table line to move:

Drought or lack of rain causes the water table line to move:

Match the type of pollution with its cause.

Which type of pollution can you easily identify the source?

Which is an example of non-point source pollution?

Match the stage of wastewater treatment with what it removes:

Match the disaster with the correct description:

What do we call the constantly moving system of deep-ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature and salinity?

Salt water is _____________ fresh water.

As the temperature of ocean water changes from 10 to 30 degrees C, how does the density change?

What factors create deep ocean currents?

Which of the following drives global thermohaline (conveyor belt) circulation?

What is the upward movement of cold water from the ocean depths called?

what is density?

The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from ____.

Ocean currents tend to move warm water where?

Ocean currents tend to move cold water where?

Ocean currents that are warm tend to cause what type of change to the climate of an area?

Ocean currents that are cold tend to cause what type of change to the climate of an area?

What is the name of the current that makes Western Europe and the East Coast of North America slightly warmer?

What process brings cold water that is nutrient rich towards the surface?

Where can upwelling occur?

Match the type of shoreline feature to the proper term.

What does condensation
change water to?

What percent of the Earth's water
is fresh water?