Honors Bio Warm-Ups

Perform a one-factor cross for two fish eagles that are both heterozygous for large beaks. Both have a genotype of Bb. What is the ratio of large beaks to small beaks. Show your work on white board.

Perform a two-factor cross of two pea plants that are heterozygous for size AND pod color. The genotypes of the two parents are TtGg. What is the phenotype ratio? Show your work.

What is the ploidy of a human gamet?

What was the purpose of the Hershey-Chase experiment? What did this experiment confirm about bacteriophages?

DNA is made of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds. What parts of the nucleotides are joined together to form the DNA chain?

What is the name of the main enzyme that helps DNA to replicate? What is one specific function of this particular enzyme?

20230127 - Where does DNA replication start in prokaryotic cells compared to how it starts in eukaryotic cells?

20230131 Match the complementary strand of mRNA to show the product of transcription of the DNA strand.

What is/are the codon(s) for Arginine?

20230202 - Do you think that cells produce all of the proteins for which the DNA (genes) code? Why or why not?

20230203 Name the four types of chromosomal mutations

20230207 - What is the difference between a genome and a karyotype?

20230208 - Malaria is a potentially fatal disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Its cause is a parasite that lives inside red blood cells. The upper map shows where malaria is common. The lower map shows regions where the sickle cell allele is the most prevalent.

Look at the relationship between the places where malaria is common and where the sickle cell allele is common. Why do you think the sickle cell allele is not found in African populations that are native to southern Africa?

20230209 - In the late 1960s, scientist discovered natural enzymes called restriction enzymes that would cut DNA at specific sites.

Why do scientists need to cut DNA at these specific sites?

20230210 - What is the process of genomic imprinting, and how does it lead to the expression of one allele?

Identify the following in this image:

The food dye color (and combinations of colors), which side of the gel was positive and negative when in the chamber, and which particles traveled the most/least.

20230221 - How is polyploidy different than say, point mutations in a gene?

20230222 - In preparation for the socrative seminar, what are some of your strengths and weaknesses when it comes to group/class discussions? What are some ways for you to engage in the conversation?

U.S. farmers have adopted GM crops widely since their introduction in 1996. Soybeans, cotton, and corn have been modified to tolerate herbicides and resist insect damage. The graph summarizes the extent to which these crops were adopted between 1996 and 2016. The modified traits shown here include herbicide tolerance (HT) and insect resistance (Bt).

Which two crops were most widely and rapidly adopted?

Why do you think the levels of adoption of GM crops fell at certain points over the period shown in the graph?

20230227 What do you already know about Charles Darwin and evolution?

20230228 - The image shows various Brassica (cabbage family) vegetables.

Choose one of the vegetables. Explain how breeders might have produced that variety from the ancestral plant, shown in the figure.

How have scientists applied Darwin's theory of evolution?

20230302 - The brown anole (Anolis sagrei) is a type of lizard that is native to islands in the Caribbean Sea. Ground-dwelling populations of brown anoles live on lower parts of tree trunks and on the ground. These populations have long legs that help with jumping. Other anole lizard populations live higher up on tree trunks. These populations have short legs that help with perching.

Predict how that population of brown anole would adapt if a predator that targets the grown-dwelling population is introduced.

What is an adaptation?

20230307 - Allele frequency is a measure of how many of a given allele are found in the gene pool of a population. In humans, the trait of polydactylism (having more than five fingers or toes on one hand or foot) is a dominant trait, but very few people have this trait.

Explain in your own words why a dominant trait is not always a common trait. What does this mean about the relationship between an allele's frequency and its likelihood of being dominant?

Natural selection on single-gene traits can produce changes in allele frequencies that may be reflected by simple changes in phenotype frequencies. Imagine that a population of brown lizards undergoes mutations in a gene that determines body color. The mutations produce red and black forms, as shown in the image above.

What are some environmental factors that could have impacted the allele frequency of this population?

The above images show two examples of genetic drift occurring, the Bottleneck Effect and the Founder Effect. What causes these effects to take place?

Post a screenshot/image of your group's graph for the Lab.

Discuss as a team the trends that you notice in your graph, and how that relates to the diversity of the population.

Mr. Fragoso will randomly choose a group member to report for your team.

Post a screenshot of the images your group chose for the Darwin's Finches Timeline.

Review with your team your section of the Darwin's Finches Timeline.

Decide on 1-2 people to speak for your team and teach the class.

When two lineages split from a common ancestor, each accumulates different mutations over long periods of time. How can we determine if the two species separated recently (2,000 years ago) or if they separated long ago (200,000 years ago) using these mutations?

With the pictures in your table, work with your group to organize the birds into different groups based on their features. You will decide the number of groups, as well as the defining characteristics of each group.

Explain your thought process throughout this activity.

20230321 - How can you determine if one organism is closely related to another?

For example, roses and orchids are both flowering plants, but roses grow on bushes or vines and have thorns. Many orchids don't even grow in soil, they can grow on trees! Rose and orchid blossoms look very different, and roses and orchids cannot produce hybrids (offspring of crosses between parents with different traits).

Do you think roses and orchids are closely related? Explain your answer.

20230323 - Why is it important to understand the origin of Earth in order to discuss the origin of life?

20230327 - A scientist thinks that the age of a fossil is about 2 billion years. For a more precise measurement of the age, the scientist applies a model of the radioactive decay of potassium-40. The model is shown in the graph.

Which measurement of Potassium-40 would allow the scientist to determine the fossil's age?

20230328 - Earth's first atmosphere contained very little oxygen, therefore nearly all life on Earth at that time were anaerobic organisms.

How did oxygen begin to accumulate in our atmosphere, and how did this change in our atmosphere affect the organisms living on Earth?

20230403 - Using the image, examine three different structures of viruses. What are some similarities and differences you notice in the structure of these viruses?

What are some differences between Archea and Bacteria?

20230406 - What is a Bacteria Smear Slide, and how is it used? Feel free to research lab guides, videos and images to get a better idea.

Do you believe that fungi are helpful or harmful to its environment? Provide evidence to support your reasoning.