Formative_DE_LE_Unit4

2

Match each term with its label on the diagram.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
C		cell
A		nucleus
E		chromosome
B		DNA Molecule
D		gene

3

Select one or more statements that are considered to be true about genetics.

The shape of a gamete is a double helix.

Gametes are cells that have unpaired chromosomes.

A fertilized egg carries half the DNA of the offspring.

Physical traits are always determined by single genes.

Environmental factors can influence genetic expression.

DNA contains information for protein production.

Recessive genes are inferior to dominant genes.

1

Gregor Mendel followed specific steps when breeding pea plants to determine the underlying cause and mathematical ratio of specific traits. Sequence the responses so that they describe the order of his process and findings.

Mendel cross-bred F1 plants with each other.
Mendel crossed two contrasting true-breeding plants with two different traits for a given characteristic.
Mendel labeled the offspring of the first plants bred F1, for the first filial generation.
The F2 population produced flowers in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits.

1

Match the following phenotypes and genotypes with the correct term.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
homozygous dominant		Phenotype: Blue eyes Genotype: two recessive blue alleles
heterozygous		Phenotype: Brown eyes Genotype: Two dominant brown alleles
homozygous recessive		Phenotype: Brown eyes Genotype: One dominant brown allele and one recessive blue allele

1

Drugi mogući odgovor:

Law of Independent Assortment

Law of Segregation

1

Complete the Punnett square shown below.

Drugi mogući odgovor:

gg

Gg

GG

Gg

gg

GG

Use dihybrid cross to solve the following problems.

null

Key:

H = long hair

h = short hair

A = brown

a = green

1

What is the probability of having offspring that are homozygous dominant for both traits?

1

What is the probability that the first offspring will be either long-haired and brown-eyed or long-haired and green-eyed?

1

What is the probability that among the first two offspring, one will be short-haired and green-eyed, and the other will be short-haired and brown-eyed?

1

Evaluate each statement as an example of or a contradiction of either the law of independent assortment or the law of segregation. Drag each statement to the correct column. Remember that brown hair is dominant over blond hair, and that brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes.

Most blue-eyed people have blond hair because those traits are linked
Children of two heterozygous brown-haired brown-eyed parents will have the same probability of having blue-eyed children as having blond-haired children.
If a brown-eyed parent and a blue-eyed parent have a blue-eyed baby, both genes came from the blue-eyed parent.
If a brown-eyed parent and a blue-eyed parent have a blue-eyed child, then the brown-eyed parent must have a recessive blue-eyed allele.

Example of Law of Segregation
Contradiction of Law of Segregation
Example of Law of Independent Assortment
Contradiction of Law of Independent Assortment

2

DNA and RNA are the two molecules that carry the genetic information by which living things transfer characteristics from one generation to the next. These molecules are comprised of various atoms and compounds. Classify the following as either an atom or compound of DNA and RNA.

nitrogen base
carbon
oxygen
ATP
sugar

Atoms
Compounds

1

The functioning of DNA and RNA are affected by various enzymes. Sometimes, environmental factors can influence how these enzymes work. Which of these are factors that can change enzyme functionality?

2

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids. Models of DNA and RNA are shown. Determine whether each of these statements describe DNA, RNA, or both.

has uracil bases
has a free -OH group on its sugar
has a sugar-phosphate backbone
is usually double stranded
contains nitrogenous bases
contains carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen

DNA
RNA
Both

2

1

Drugi mogući odgovor:

membrane

nucleus

circular

chromosomes

nucleoid

gene expression

rod-shaped

1

Match the following terms with their correct description.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
RNA polymerase		the shape of a DNA molecule; two spiral strands wrapped around each other
helicase		Y-shaped structure that forms during the process of DNA replication; the unseparated double stranded DNA represents the base of the Y
replication fork		enzyme that transcribes RNA from a DNA template
double helix		responsible for unwinding DNA at the start of the replication process

2

Determine whether each of these events of eukaryotic DNA replication is associated with leading strand synthesis or lagging strand synthesis or both.

Primase begins RNA polymerization de novo.
DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA 5' to 3'.
Ligase joins Okazaki fragments together
DNA polymerase replaces RNA primers with DNA.

Leading strand
Lagging strand

1

DNA Exploration Lab link
bit.ly/3H6r9fV
Using the 'Build' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build your DNA segment. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

1

DNA Exploration Lab link
bit.ly/3H6r9fV
Using the 'Replicate' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build a copy of a DNA strand using nucleotides. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

1

Refresh: Gregor Mendel studied the transmission of traits from parents to offspring. While he had no knowledge of DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis at the time, he was able to postulate several accurate ideas about how traits are inherited. Match the following terms or processes with the best definition.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
pedigree		having two identical alleles for the same trait
heterozygous		the first generation of offspring after a cross
first filial		multiple alleles being expressed at the same time
monohybrid		having one dominant and one recessive allele for a particular trait
homozygous		a cross involving only one trait
codominant		a family tree showing the inheritance of a particular trait

1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Proteins are made up of DNA molecules.

DNA indirectly codes for the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Organisms can channel their DNA into other parts of their bodies when they become protein-deficient.

The more proteins an organism needs, the more DNA found in its cells.

2

Transcription is the beginning of protein synthesis. Some of the following sentences describe events that occur during the process of transcription in eukaryotes. Place the steps of the process of transcription in the order that they occur.

The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to DNA.
The enzyme separates the DNA into two strands.
RNA polymerase adds complementary base pairs to form a strand of RNA.
The RNA molecule (called the transcript) moves to the cytoplasm.

1

Drugi mogući odgovor:

degradation

splice

primary transcript

exoribonucleases

specialize

1

Match the type of RNA with their correct functions.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)		It contains a sequence of nucleotides that direct the assembly of amino acids into proteins. It carries this information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)		It transfers amino acids to the ribosome as the protein is built. It also connects each three-letter genetic code carried in mRNA to a corresponding amino acid. There are 64 different three-letter codes for 20 amino acids.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)		It is present in the subunits of a ribosome that allow for decoding of mRNA. It also interacts with tRNA during protein synthesis to help form peptide bonds between amino acids.

3

Sequence the process for translation.

A ribosome attaches to the mRNA strand. A tRNA anticodon matches with the mRNA codon.
A chain of amino acids is formed until a stop codon is reached.
Usually first codon is AUG. The ribosome then slides over one codon on the mRNA.
The amino acids are joined by a peptide bond.
The new tRNA molecule carrying another amino acid pairs with the second mRNA codon.
The amino acids become a protein when released from the ribosome. The chain twist up to make a protein.

2

Categorize the following types of mutations as either a gene mutation or a chromosomal mutation.

substitution - One nucleotide is switched for a different nucleotide.
insertion - An extra nucleotide is added to the mRNA strand.
amplification - An extra copy or copies of part or all of a chromosome is made.
translocation - Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.
deletion - A nucleotide is deleted from the mRNA strand.
deletion - Part of a chromosome is lost.

Gene Mutations
Chromosomal Mutations

1

Which statements about genetic disorders are correct? Discuss how to modify any incorrect statement to make it a correct statement with a classmate.

Genetic disorders can be spread by sexual contact.

Environmental factors can affect genetic disorders.

Researcher have found all possible connections between diseases and genetics.

Genetic disorders are not always caused by gene mutations.

2

1

Match the term with the appropriate image of the abnormality.

Stavka koja se može prevući		Odgovarajuća stavka
translocation
insertion
deletion
inversion
duplication

2

Drugi mogući odgovor:

Male infertility

cystic fibrosis

Rett syndrome

sex-linked

autosomal dominant

autosomal recessive

Huntington's disease

1

Formative_DE_LE_Unit4

Match each term with its label on the diagram.

Select one or more statements that are considered to be true about genetics.

Gregor Mendel followed specific steps when breeding pea plants to determine the underlying cause and mathematical ratio of specific traits. Sequence the responses so that they describe the order of his process and findings.

Match the following phenotypes and genotypes with the correct term.

What is the probability of having offspring that are homozygous dominant for both traits?

What is the probability that the first offspring will be either long-haired and brown-eyed or long-haired and green-eyed?

What is the probability that among the first two offspring, one will be short-haired and green-eyed, and the other will be short-haired and brown-eyed?

Evaluate each statement as an example of or a contradiction of either the law of independent assortment or the law of segregation. Drag each statement to the correct column. Remember that brown hair is dominant over blond hair, and that brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes.

DNA and RNA are the two molecules that carry the genetic information by which living things transfer characteristics from one generation to the next. These molecules are comprised of various atoms and compounds. Classify the following as either an atom or compound of DNA and RNA.

The functioning of DNA and RNA are affected by various enzymes. Sometimes, environmental factors can influence how these enzymes work. Which of these are factors that can change enzyme functionality?

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids. Models of DNA and RNA are shown. Determine whether each of these statements describe DNA, RNA, or both.

Match the following terms with their correct description.

Determine whether each of these events of eukaryotic DNA replication is associated with leading strand synthesis or lagging strand synthesis or both.

DNA Exploration Lab linkbit.ly/3H6r9fVUsing the 'Build' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build your DNA segment. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

DNA Exploration Lab linkbit.ly/3H6r9fVUsing the 'Replicate' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build a copy of a DNA strand using nucleotides. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Transcription is the beginning of protein synthesis. Some of the following sentences describe events that occur during the process of transcription in eukaryotes. Place the steps of the process of transcription in the order that they occur.

Match the type of RNA with their correct functions.

Sequence the process for translation.

Categorize the following types of mutations as either a gene mutation or a chromosomal mutation.

Which statements about genetic disorders are correct? Discuss how to modify any incorrect statement to make it a correct statement with a classmate.

Match the term with the appropriate image of the abnormality.

Match each term with its label on the diagram.

Select one or more statements that are considered to be true about genetics.

Gregor Mendel followed specific steps when breeding pea plants to determine the underlying cause and mathematical ratio of specific traits. Sequence the responses so that they describe the order of his process and findings.

Match the following phenotypes and genotypes with the correct term.

What is the probability of having offspring that are homozygous dominant for both traits?

What is the probability that the first offspring will be either long-haired and brown-eyed or long-haired and green-eyed?

What is the probability that among the first two offspring, one will be short-haired and green-eyed, and the other will be short-haired and brown-eyed?

Evaluate each statement as an example of or a contradiction of either the law of independent assortment or the law of segregation. Drag each statement to the correct column. Remember that brown hair is dominant over blond hair, and that brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes.

DNA and RNA are the two molecules that carry the genetic information by which living things transfer characteristics from one generation to the next. These molecules are comprised of various atoms and compounds. Classify the following as either an atom or compound of DNA and RNA.

The functioning of DNA and RNA are affected by various enzymes. Sometimes, environmental factors can influence how these enzymes work. Which of these are factors that can change enzyme functionality?

DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids. Models of DNA and RNA are shown. Determine whether each of these statements describe DNA, RNA, or both.

Match the following terms with their correct description.

Determine whether each of these events of eukaryotic DNA replication is associated with leading strand synthesis or lagging strand synthesis or both.

DNA Exploration Lab linkbit.ly/3H6r9fVUsing the 'Build' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build your DNA segment. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

DNA Exploration Lab linkbit.ly/3H6r9fVUsing the 'Replicate' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build a copy of a DNA strand using nucleotides. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA and proteins?

Transcription is the beginning of protein synthesis. Some of the following sentences describe events that occur during the process of transcription in eukaryotes. Place the steps of the process of transcription in the order that they occur.

Match the type of RNA with their correct functions.

Sequence the process for translation.

Categorize the following types of mutations as either a gene mutation or a chromosomal mutation.

Which statements about genetic disorders are correct? Discuss how to modify any incorrect statement to make it a correct statement with a classmate.

Match the term with the appropriate image of the abnormality.

DNA Exploration Lab link
bit.ly/3H6r9fV
Using the 'Build' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build your DNA segment. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

DNA Exploration Lab link
bit.ly/3H6r9fV
Using the 'Replicate' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build a copy of a DNA strand using nucleotides. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

DNA Exploration Lab link
bit.ly/3H6r9fV
Using the 'Build' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build your DNA segment. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.

DNA Exploration Lab link
bit.ly/3H6r9fV
Using the 'Replicate' tab at the bottom of the text, follow the prompts to build a copy of a DNA strand using nucleotides. Post a screenshot of your model to this question.