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Biology - Protein Synthesis - Classwork

Last updated 5 months ago
99 questions
Section 1 - DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis
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Section 2 - Codon Chart
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When reading a codon chart, unless otherwise specified, you generally use the three bases that are part of the:

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The codon chart demonstrates that more than one codon can potentially code for the same amino acid.

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The information in this rectangular codon chart could be represented in a different way (ex: circular codon chart).

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How many different types of amino acids are shown on this codon chart?

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Link to a circular codon chart

Link to a columns & rows codon chart
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Below are two partial sequences of DNA bases (shown for only one strand of
DNA) Sequence 1 is from a human and sequence 2 is from a cow. In both
humans and cows, this sequence is part of a set of instructions for controlling a
bodily function. In this case, the sequence contains the gene to make the protein
insulin. Insulin is necessary for the uptake of sugar from the blood. Without
insulin, a person cannot use digest sugars the same way others can, and they
have a disease called diabetes.
Instructions:

-Using the DNA sequence, make a complementary RNA strand from both the human and the cow.
Write the RNA directly below the DNA strand (remember to substitute U's for T's in RNA).
-Use the codon table in your book to determine what amino acids are assembled to make the insulin
protein in both the cow and the human. Write your amino acid chain directly below the RNA
sequence.
*Note: This is not the real sequence for insulin, which actually contains 51 amino acids. Uniprot provides full sequencing information
on insulin and known variants. http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01308

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How many bases are different between the cow and the human?

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Examine the amino acids produced. How many amino acids are different between the cow and human?

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Could two humans (or two cows) have some differences in their DNA sequences for insulin, yet still make the exact same insulin proteins? Explain.

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Examine the codon chart and list all of the codons that code for the amino acid leucine. List them:

Wait for review before doing the rest of this section!

Wait here until you are instructed to go on to the next section. If you are done early, be productive!
  • Stretch
  • Get some water
  • Get a snack
  • Work on Edgenuity
  • Read
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Transcribe:
ATT CCC GGG

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Translate mRNA: UUU AAA GGG to anticodon of tRNA

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Translate mRNA: UUU AAA GGG to Amino acid sequence

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATA GCG GTG

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATT CCC GGG

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
AAA CGC ATA CCA

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
CAC GCG TTA TAG ATC

Section 3 - Mutations
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Section 4 - DNA Replication
Circling back a bit to replication which happens before mitosis/meiosis
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Section 5 - Review
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Write the sequence of mRNA bases that would be transcribed from the sequence of bases below:
TAC ACG CAA TTA
Use the space bar to separate your sequence into codons.

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Use the genetic code chart provided above to translate your MRNA from Question 1 into an amino acid sequence to make a protein. Use the first 3 letters of each amino acid in your answer and separate each of your amino acids from the others with a space. Example: MET HIS PRO LEU STOP

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Protein synthesis occurs in which order?

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The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called:

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Which process is shown in the image below?

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tRNA is involved in:

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Assign each of the characteristics below to either DNA or RNA.

  • Double stranded
  • Single stranded
  • Ribose
  • Deoxyribose
  • Thymine
  • Uracil
  • One type
  • Three types
  • Found only in the nucleus
  • Adenine
  • Guanine
  • Cytosine
  • Made up of nucleotides
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Both DNA & RNA
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Transcribe:
ATT CCC GGG

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Translate mRNA: UUU AAA GGG to Amino acid sequence

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATA GCG GTG

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATT CCC GGG

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Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
AAA CGC ATA CCA

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Match type of DNA mutation on the left with the definition on the right.

  • insertion
  • deletion
  • substitution
  • a base is removed
  • one base is switched for another
  • a base is added
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Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift or point, and whether it is a silent mutation.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T

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Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift or point, and whether it is a silent mutation.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

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Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift or point, and whether it is a silent mutation.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T

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According to the Base-Pair Rule...

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A portion of DNA that codes for a protein, that causes a trait, is a

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Chromosomes contain...

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Mutations are random.

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In 1986, a meltdown of a nuclear reactor in the city of Chernobyl, in Ukraine, released highly radioactive
chemicals into the atmosphere. As a result, people suffered various forms of cancer because of exposure
to these radioactive chemicals. Cancerous cells divide much more often than noncancerous cells and form
tumors in the body.

A scientist claims that these cancers were caused by harmful mutations. He wants to make a model to
support his claim.

Which statement best describes what the scientist’s model needs to represent in order to support his claim?

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All mutations are harmful to an organism or species.

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What is mutation?

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What is the function of hemoglobin?

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Which of the following is true in regards to Sickle Cell Disease?

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Genes contain the instructions for assembling

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Two parents are carriers for sickle cell trait, what's the chance of their kid being normal (no sickle cell anemia)?

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Which of the following models best represents this statement: "Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the structure and function of hemoglobin in the red blood cell."