Sign up for FREE

Biology - Protein Synthesis - Classwork

Last updated 8 months ago

99 questions

Section 1 - DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Section 2 - Codon Chart

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

Section 3 - Mutations

Section 4 - DNA Replication

Section 5 - Review

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Link to a circular codon chart

Link to a columns & rows codon chart

Question 36

36.

Below are two partial sequences of DNA bases (shown for only one strand of
DNA) Sequence 1 is from a human and sequence 2 is from a cow. In both
humans and cows, this sequence is part of a set of instructions for controlling a
bodily function. In this case, the sequence contains the gene to make the protein
insulin. Insulin is necessary for the uptake of sugar from the blood. Without
insulin, a person cannot use digest sugars the same way others can, and they
have a disease called diabetes.
Instructions:

-Using the DNA sequence, make a complementary RNA strand from both the human and the cow.
Write the RNA directly below the DNA strand (remember to substitute U's for T's in RNA).
-Use the codon table in your book to determine what amino acids are assembled to make the insulin
protein in both the cow and the human. Write your amino acid chain directly below the RNA
sequence.
*Note: This is not the real sequence for insulin, which actually contains 51 amino acids. Uniprot provides full sequencing information
on insulin and known variants. http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01308

Question 37

37.

How many bases are different between the cow and the human?

Question 38

38.

Examine the amino acids produced. How many amino acids are different between the cow and human?

Question 39

39.

Could two humans (or two cows) have some differences in their DNA sequences for insulin, yet still make the exact same insulin proteins? Explain.

Question 40

40.

Examine the codon chart and list all of the codons that code for the amino acid leucine. List them:

Wait for review before doing the rest of this section!

Wait here until you are instructed to go on to the next section.  If you are done early, be productive!
Stretch
Get some water
Get a snack
Work on Edgenuity
Read

Question 41

41.

Transcribe:
ATT CCC GGG

Question 42

42.

Translate mRNA: UUU AAA GGG to anticodon of tRNA

Question 43

43.

Translate mRNA: UUU AAA GGG to Amino acid sequence

Question 44

44.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATA GCG GTG

Question 45

45.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATT CCC GGG

Question 46

46.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
AAA CGC ATA CCA

Question 47

47.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
CAC GCG TTA TAG ATC

1

Question 48

48.

1

1

Question 50

50.

1

Question 51

51.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Circling back a bit to replication which happens before mitosis/meiosis

1

Question 67

67.

1

Question 68

68.

1

Question 69

69.

1

Question 70

70.

1

Question 71

71.

Question 72

72.

Write the sequence of mRNA bases that would be transcribed from the sequence of bases below:
TAC ACG CAA TTA
Use the space bar to separate your sequence into codons.

Question 73

73.

Use the genetic code chart provided above to translate your MRNA from Question 1 into an amino acid sequence to make a protein. Use the first 3 letters of each amino acid in your answer and separate each of your amino acids from the others with a space. Example: MET HIS PRO LEU STOP

Question 74

74.

Protein synthesis occurs in which order?

mRNA -> DNA -> Protein

Protein -> DNA -> mRNA

Protein -> mRNA -> DNA

DNA -> mRNA -> Protein

Question 75

75.

The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called:

replication

transcription

translation

polymerase chain reaction

Question 76

76.

Which process is shown in the image below?

transcription

replication

translation

chemosynthesis

Question 77

77.

tRNA is involved in:

carrying amino acids to the ribosome

carrying RNA to the ribosome

carrying DNA to the ribosome

carrying ribose to the ribosome

Question 78

78.

Assign each of the characteristics below to either DNA or RNA.

Double stranded
Single stranded
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Thymine
Uracil
One type
Three types
Found only in the nucleus
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Made up of nucleotides

DNA
RNA
Both DNA & RNA

Question 79

79.

Transcribe:
ATT CCC GGG

Question 80

80.

Translate mRNA: UUU AAA GGG to Amino acid sequence

Question 81

81.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATA GCG GTG

Question 82

82.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
ATT CCC GGG

Question 83

83.

Translate the following DNA sequence into Amino acids:
AAA CGC ATA CCA

Question 84

84.

Match type of DNA mutation on the left with the definition on the right.

insertion
deletion
substitution

a base is removed
one base is switched for another
a base is added

Question 85

85.

Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift or point, and whether it is a silent mutation.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T

substitution

insertion

deletion

frameshift

point

silent mutation

Question 86

86.

Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift or point, and whether it is a silent mutation.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

substitution

insertion

deletion

frameshift

point

silent mutation

Question 87

87.

Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original. Identify the mutation as either an insertion, deletion, or substitution, and whether it is a frameshift or point, and whether it is a silent mutation.

Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T

Mutated DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T

substitution

insertion

deletion

frameshift

point

silent mutation

Question 88

88.

According to the Base-Pair Rule...

Each nucleotide pairs with itself (ex A pairs with A)

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

A pairs with G and C pairs with T 

A pairs with C and G pairs with T

Question 89

89.

A portion of DNA that codes for a protein, that causes a trait, is a

Chromosome

Deoxyribose

Phosphate 

Gene

Question 90

90.

Chromosomes contain...

DNA

cells

traits

nucleus

Question 91

91.

Mutations are random.

True

False

Question 92

92.

In 1986, a meltdown of a nuclear reactor in the city of Chernobyl, in Ukraine, released highly radioactive
chemicals into the atmosphere. As a result, people suffered various forms of cancer because of exposure
to these radioactive chemicals. Cancerous cells divide much more often than noncancerous cells and form
tumors in the body.

A scientist claims that these cancers were caused by harmful mutations. He wants to make a model to
support his claim.

Which statement best describes what the scientist’s model needs to represent in order to support his claim?

The radioactive chemicals polluted people’s drinking water, which caused cells to divide more quickly in the people’s bodies and form tumors.

The radioactive chemicals caused structural changes in people’s genes, which changed how proteins functioned in cell division.

The radioactive chemicals polluted people’s food, which changed some people’s ability to digest proteins and caused cancer.

The radioactive chemicals burned people’s skin, which increased cell division rates in the people who developed cancer.

Question 93

93.

All mutations are harmful to an organism or species.

True

False

Question 94

94.

What is mutation?

Change in the base sequence of DNA

a chromosome with a mismatched base pair

a result of meiosis

a result of mitosis

Question 95

95.

What is the function of hemoglobin?

to fight infections

carry water in blood

carry oxygen from the blood to bodily tissues

to clot blood

Question 96

96.

Which of the following is true in regards to Sickle Cell Disease?

blood has too much hemoglobin causing elevated O2 levels

There is a quick cure for sickle cell disease

people with sickle cell would have NO noticeable symptoms

RBCs can become hard, sticky & have an irregular shape

Question 97

97.

Genes contain the instructions for assembling

traits

nucleosomes

chromosomes

proteins

Question 98

98.

Two parents are carriers for sickle cell trait, what's the chance of their kid being normal (no sickle cell anemia)?

75%

50%

25%

0%

Question 99

99.

Which of the following models best represents this statement: "Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the structure and function of hemoglobin in the red blood cell."

Question 1

1.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 2

2.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 3

3.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 4

4.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 5

5.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 6

6.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 7

7.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 8

8.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 9

9.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 10

10.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 11

11.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 12

12.

DNA

RNA

Both

Question 13

13.

Question 14

14.

Question 15

15.

Question 16

16.

Question 17

17.

Question 18

18.

Question 19

19.

Question 20

20.

Question 21

21.

Question 22

22.

Question 23

23.

Question 24

24.

Question 25

25.

Question 26

26.

Question 27

27.

Question 28

28.

When reading a codon chart, unless otherwise specified, you generally use the three bases that are part of the:

tRNA anticodon

mRNA codon

DNA codon

DNA anticodon

Question 29

29.

The codon chart demonstrates that more than one codon can potentially code for the same amino acid.

True

False

Question 30

30.

The information in this rectangular codon chart could be represented in a different way (ex: circular codon chart).

True

False

Question 31

31.

How many different types of amino acids are shown on this codon chart?

True

False

Question 32

32.

Question 33

33.

Question 34

34.

Question 35

35.

Question 49

49.

sugar

phosphate group

nitrogenous base

Question 52

52.

Question 53

53.

Question 54

54.

Question 55

55.

Question 56

56.

Question 57

57.

Question 58

58.

Question 59

59.

True

False

Question 60

60.

True

False

Question 61

61.

True

False

Question 62

62.

True

False

Question 63

63.

True

False

Question 64

64.

True

False

Question 65

65.

True

False

Question 66

66.

True

False