Biology - Evolution and Speciation - Quiz - Tracy Butler | Laabri

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What are the two key points of Darwin's Theory of Evolution?

Species originated by Creationism and the Great flood

Adaptation and mutation never create new species

Species change over time and they change by natural selection

Species are determined by genotype and phenotype

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Populations of organisms evolve, individuals do not

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There were several types of fish in a pond. Over several years, nearby residents noticed that there was less diversity in the pond, the medium sized gray fish had mostly taken over. One person said it made them the "fittest." What did they mean by this?

The gray fish were the strongest

The medium gray fish were the best adapted to survive in the pond

The other fish were unhealthy

All of the fish had mutations caused by the pond

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Which of these is a main reason why reproduction is an important step for evolution?

It enables genetic diversity and variation to occur.

It accelerates the process of natural selection.

It allows for hybridization between species.

It ensures survival of the fittest individuals.

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Evidence of Evolution.......

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A dog's front leg and a human's arm have almost identical bone structure
A bird wing and a bat wing have very different internal structures, but both allow the organism to fly
Structural features with a common evolutionary origin
A human has an appendix and a tailbone
A body structure in a present day organism that no longer serves its original purpose
Body parts that do not have a commom evolutionary origin but are similar in function

Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Vestigial organ

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When the DNA of an organism is altered it is referred to as...

Sexual Selection

Mutation

Gene Flow

Genetic drift

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True or False: Mutations are caused because of a need, such as a bird having a mutation for a long beak if its food source changes.

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Mutations are always helpful for organisms

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Mutations that hurt an organism in one habitat could be helpful in another

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Categorize each item, you might use some answers more than once.

Some seeds have a mutation that makes them more sticky, so they are able to stay on pollinators longer
Caused by environmental pressure
A hurricane wipes out half the beach rose plants on a beach
Can lead to a change in allele frequency
A hurricane wipes out the beach plants that have shallow roots, but the ones with deep roots survive
Leads to evolution
Some seeds blow on the wind and end up on a new island
Completely random

Natural Selection
Genetic Drift

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A type of insect was brightly colored and often eaten by birds. One brood of the insect had a number of members that had a mutation making them dark colored. Over the next several generations, more and more insects had this helpful trait. Why might this happen?

Because the trait cannot be inherited after it changes

Because the dark color comes from dominant alleles

Because the dark offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce

Because the dark colored insects live to old age

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A large highway is built, separating two populations of squirrels who eventually evolve to be different species. What type of speciation is this?

Allopatric

Sympatric

Behavioral

Temporal

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There are two species of Potoo bird (yes, this is a real bird!) that were once thought to be the same species. They are identical except for their calls and they do not interbreed, despite living in the same area. This is an example of

Allopatric Speciation

Sympatric Speciation

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Which of the following describes geographic isolation?

Random mating among individuals

Random changes in allele frequencies

Physical barrier prevents gene flow

Natural selection for advantageous traits

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Match the term to the definition

Draggable item		Corresponding Item
embryo		single-cell fertilized egg
postzygotic barriers		multicellular early stage of development (pre-birth)
zygote		prevent organisms from mating and producing a fertilized egg
prezygotic barriers		prevent fertilized eggs from becoming fertile offspring that survive and reproduce

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Two groups of flies live in the same area. One group has a mutation that causes them to prefer the dark, so this group is awake and active at night, while the other group is awake and active during the day. As a result, they never interbreed.
A type of bird bases mating choices on elaborate dances by the male. A mutation causes some males to be unable to dance, but a small group of females prefer this, so they become a separate group.
A large warehouse is built in the middle of a field, separating two groups of click beetles.
A donkey and zebra can produce a zonkey, but a zonkey cannot have babies.
Long-stemmed roses and beach roses can produce fertilized seeds and grow new plants, but the plants have weak root systems and die before they are fully grown.
A common coqui frog and a whistling coqui mate and produce eggs, but the embryos never develop and the eggs never hatch.

Prezygotic Barrier
Postzygotic Barrier