Savvas 5th Grade End of Year Assessment

Last updated almost 3 years ago

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Which part of a map would you look at to find directions on a physical map?

compass rose

locator map

scale bar

key

When a geographer studies the migration patterns of humans over many centuries and how that has affected the geography of North America, which theme of geography is he or she using?

region

location

place

movement

What is one advantage of maps over aerial photographs as a way of understanding Earth's surface?

Photographs show only the most important features for a given purpose.

Maps show more features than photographs.

Photographs do not give an accurate picture of the region they show.

There is too much distortion in a photograph.

What type of information does a physical map always show?

national boundaries

roads

where people live

natural features

On which type of map would you most likely to be able to identify the capital of the state of Montana?

a special-purpose map

a government-made map

a physical map

a political map

What causes the seasons?

Earth's tilt relative to its orbit around the sun

Earth's changing distance from the sun during its orbit

changes in the part of Earth's orbit around the sun

the sun's changing energy output each year

Which best describes Earth's mantle?

Because it is solid metal, it cannot flow.

It is made up of rock so hot that it flows.

Because it is solid rock, it cannot flow.

It is made up of metal so hot that it flows.

How does plate movement create mountains?

When two plates push against each other, the pressure makes the crust bend to form mountains.

When plates slide against each other at faults, the pressure forms mountains.

The pressure created by moving plate forces magma up through Earth's crust, forming mountains.

When plates move away from each other, the pressure creates mountains.

How does erosion shape mountains?

It creates pressures in Earth's crust that cause it to bend.

It removes material from mountains, changing their shapes.

By breaking down material on Earth's surface, it changes mountains' shapes.

The friction between plates of Earth's crust pushes up mountains.

As one side of Earth turns away from the sun,

the sun moves to the other side of Earth

the sun moves with it.

the sun appears to set on that side of Earth.

the sun appears to rise on that side of Earth.

Winds, air pressure, evaporation, and the angle of the sun shape the daily __________ of each place.

The difference between tropical and temperate climates is mainly the result of __________.

__________ is greatest near the Equator, where air usually rises.

An ecosystem is a network of __________ that depends on one another and their environment for survival.

Which ecosystem usually supports thick forests of deciduous trees?

tropical forest

temperate forest

savanna

subarctic forest

Since the 1800s, what human activity has changed land use and led to the growth of large cities in many countries?

pollution

industrialization

colonization

rural population growth

Rapid growth can result in large increases in the infant mortality rate if there is__________.

Which of the following is an example of a clean energy source?

oil

natural gas

wind

coal

One cause for the rapid population growth since the Industrial Revolution is __________.

Which of these causes of migration is an example of a pull factor?

job availability

poverty

an earthquake

warfare

The beliefs, customs, practices, and behavior of a particular nation or group is that nation's or group's __________.

Within a country, differences in language can make it harder to __________.

What do some people see as a possible negative effect of rapid global communication?

It may break down traditional social classes.

It may lead to increased language barriers.

It may limit migration.

It may threaten cultural diversity.

What is the most basic social unit of any society?

class

religion

culture group

family

Trying to help people understand the meaning of life is a basic function of __________.

Which of the following is one of the three basic economic questions?

How should goods and services be produced?

How is a budget created?

How can income be shared?

What price should be set for goods and services?

Increased competition between producers of a good may lead to

a decrease in profit.

an increase in price.

a drop in demand.

a rise in taxes.

Which part of a map would you look at to find directions on a physical map?

compass rose

locator map

scale bar

key

When a geographer studies the migration patterns of humans over many centuries and how that has affected the geography of North America, which theme of geography is he or she using?

region

location

place

movement

What is one advantage of maps over aerial photographs as a way of understanding Earth's surface?

Photographs show only the most important features for a given purpose.

Maps show more features than photographs.

Photographs do not give an accurate picture of the region they show.

There is too much distortion in a photograph.

What type of information does a physical map always show?

national boundaries

roads

where people live

natural features

On which type of map would you most likely to be able to identify the capital of the state of Montana?

a special-purpose map

a government-made map

a physical map

a political map

What causes the seasons?

Earth's tilt relative to its orbit around the sun

Earth's changing distance from the sun during its orbit

changes in the part of Earth's orbit around the sun

the sun's changing energy output each year

Which best describes Earth's mantle?

Because it is solid metal, it cannot flow.

It is made up of rock so hot that it flows.

Because it is solid rock, it cannot flow.

It is made up of metal so hot that it flows.

How does plate movement create mountains?

When two plates push against each other, the pressure makes the crust bend to form mountains.

When plates slide against each other at faults, the pressure forms mountains.

The pressure created by moving plate forces magma up through Earth's crust, forming mountains.

When plates move away from each other, the pressure creates mountains.

How does erosion shape mountains?

It creates pressures in Earth's crust that cause it to bend.

It removes material from mountains, changing their shapes.

By breaking down material on Earth's surface, it changes mountains' shapes.

The friction between plates of Earth's crust pushes up mountains.

As one side of Earth turns away from the sun,

the sun moves to the other side of Earth

the sun moves with it.

the sun appears to set on that side of Earth.

the sun appears to rise on that side of Earth.

Which ecosystem usually supports thick forests of deciduous trees?

tropical forest

temperate forest

savanna

subarctic forest

Since the 1800s, what human activity has changed land use and led to the growth of large cities in many countries?

pollution

industrialization

colonization

rural population growth

Which of the following is an example of a clean energy source?

oil

natural gas

wind

coal

Which of these causes  of migration is an example of a pull factor?

job availability

poverty

an earthquake

warfare

What do some people see as a possible negative effect of rapid global communication?

It may break down traditional social classes.

It may lead to increased language barriers.

It may limit migration.

It may threaten cultural diversity.

What is the most basic social unit of any society?

class

religion

culture group

family

Which of the following is one of the three basic economic questions?

How should goods and services be produced?

How is a budget created?

How can income be shared?

What price should be set for goods and services?

Increased competition between producers of a good may lead to

a decrease in profit.

an increase in price.

a drop in demand.

a rise in taxes.

Which type of economic system has the highest level of government control?

market economy

command economy

traditional economy

mixed economy

Which of the following is a feature of a good budget?

high use of credit

money reserved for saving

income that is less than its expenses

economic incentives

How do companies make a profit?

They try to decrease expenses and increase reveneue.

They try to increase expenses and increase revenue.

They try to decrease expenses and decrease revenue.

They try to increase expenses and decrease revenue.

Which term refers to the type of buying and selling that takes place within a country?

free trade

domestic trade

productivity

international trade

Which of the following is a likely result of trade barriers?

more choices

increase in imports

lower prices

reduced competition

Which of the following is a feature of a developed country?

lower productivity

a strong economy

lower standards of living

high tariffs

Why do countries trade goods and services?

because they want to help other countries grow

because they want to reduce interdependence

because they do not have all the goods and resources they need

because they want to protect domestic industries from competition

Which of the following is a way to increase economic development?

raising taxes

investing in education

limiting trade

lowering wages

Which of the following might a limited government be more likely to do than an unlimited government?

protect citizens from attack

build and maintain public roads

let citizens speak freely and protest

operate public schools

Which form of government has a king or queen that shares powers with the people of the state and the other branches of government?

authoritarian dictatorship

absolute monarchy

representative democracy

constitutional monarchy

Which of the following lists the levels of the federal system in the correct order, starting with the top level of government and ending with the bottom level?

regional, central, local

central, local, and regional

central, regional, local

regional, local, central

The purpose of the International Monetary Fund is to

resolve financial crises.

promote peace.

end poverty.

provide disaster relief.

In a democratic nation such as the United States, what is considered to be the ultimate source of authority?

a hereditary ruler

the citizens

political parties

government

Which of the following statements best describes human rights in the world today?

All people in the global community enjoy the same rights.

Non-democratic governments usually protect the basic rights of their citizens.

There is less support for human rights than there was in the past.

Democracies are most likely to protect the basic human rights of their citizens.

Naturalization is a legal process by which a person

gives up his or her citizenship.

is forced to leave a country.

can legally live and work in another country.

becomes a citizen of another country.

The process of democratization over the last 200 years has resulted in wider support for the idea that

citizens have a responsibility to serve their government.

government authority is absolute.

governments should protect the rights of its citizens.

all people are members of a global community.

Which of the following is a right of U.S. citizens but not a right of non-citizens?

the right to a fair trial

the right to vote

freedom of speech

freedom of religion

Which of the following is a responsibility of U.S. citizens?

running for public office

supporting human rights around the world

worshiping freely

serving on a jury

Used today by much of the world, the Gregorian calendar is based on

the Islamic calendar.

the cycles of the moon.

the ancient Hebrew calendar.

the movement of the Earth around the sun.

Which of the following is the best example of a primary source?

an encyclopedia article

a history textbook

a photograph

a movie

Archaeologists mainly learn about the lives of people in the past by studying

the work of historians.

their written records.

historical maps.

the artifacts they made and used.

What anthropology?

the scientific study of ancient ruins and artifacts

the use of primary sources to understand the past

the influence of geography on human communities

the study of all aspects of human life

Prehistory is the time before

people left written records.

modern human beings existed.

people began to study history.

people created calendars.

In which of the following types of homes did Northeastern people often live?

igloo

pueblo

wigwam

tepee

Which of the following best describes a potlatch?

a religious ritual

a culture region

a social gathering

a type of dwelling

As a dwelling, what advantage did the tepee offer to the hunters of the Great Plains?

It supplied permanent housing for a large extended family.

It protected them from the harsh winter climate.

It could be moved from place to place.

It was easy to defend from rival hunters.

What environmental change allowed people to travel by land between Asia and North America?

human adaptation to Arctic environments

the introduction of horses to North America

the formation of ice sheets on land

a rise in ocean temperatures

What generalization can be made by comparing the lifestyle of the Inuit of the Arctic to the lifestyle of the Natchez in the Southeast?

The two societies were similar in organization and way of life.

Contrasting environments greatly influence their ways of life.

Differences in government led to differences in culture.

One group adapted better to their environment than the other.

Which early American Indian group is referred to as mound builders?

Ancestral Puebloans

Inuit

Mississippians

Great Plains people

How did the Ancestral Puebloans respond to long droughts?

They built homes in the sides of cliffs.

They began digging ditches to water their crops.

They formed alliances with neighboring people.

They left their villages and moved closer to water sources.

The main purpose of the Iroquois League was to

promote trade among its members.

unite members under a single government.

end warfare among its members.

make peace with the Algonquians.

Scientists rely heavily upon what kind of evidence to learn about early American Indians like the Mississippians?

artifacts

religious epics

stone monuments

written records

How did the Ancient Puebloans adapt to their physical environment?

They built networks of ditches to irrigate the desert.

They relied on fishing and hunting for food.

They cleared forests to make room for farmland.

They built mounds to increase farmland.

Which of the following was the greatest short-term effect of Spanish colonization on American Indians?

It gave them new crops to grow.

It opened them to European ideas.

It sharply decreased their population.

It led to their disappearance from the Americas.

What caused the Pilgrims to settle in New England?

They wanted to convert American Indians to Christianity.

They wanted to escape poverty and starvation.

They wanted to take part in the fur trade.

They wanted to practice their religion freely.

What was the main cause of death among African captives being transported from the Americas on slave ships?

Slave mutinies resulted in thousands of deaths.

Diseases spread quickly in the tightly packed holds of ships.

Captives were brutally beaten by slave ship captains.

Most captives died from a lack of food and water.

Which of the following statements summarizes a result of the French and Indian War?

It marked the end of the French power in North America.

It destroyed the American Indian alliances.

It gave France control over the Mississippi River.

It gave British colonists more freedom.

The first French colonists in North America were mostly interested in

taking part in the fur trade.

gaining religious freedom.

finding silver and gold.

building farms and plantations.

Which of the following statements best defines what makes the government created by the U.S. Constitution a republic?

Power is divided among the federal, state, and local governments.

The federal government has the power to coin money and declare war.

Power in the national government is divided among different branches.

Citizens elect representatives to carry out their will.

During the 1800s, the main reason Americans wanted to expand territorial control outside the United States was to

gain natural resources.

build overseas settlements.

spread democracy.

escape religious persecution.

How did the War of 1812 affect Canada?

It created an alliance between Canada and the United States.

It helped Canada gain immediate independence from Britain.

It led to the United States taking land from Canada.

It united Canadians to fight against a common enemy.

Which of the following doubled the size of the United States in 1803?

the American Revolution

the Mexican-American War

the Civil War

the Louisiana Purchase

During its years as a dominion, what was Canada's relationship with Britain?

Canada was fully independent from Britain.

Canada governed itself, but Britain controlled Canada's foreign affairs.

Britain gave control to French Canadians, not British Canadians.

Britain governed Canada and its provinces directly.

Early urban areas in North America tended to develop

on the Great Plains.

in the taiga.

in the valleys between mountains.

along rivers.

Which of the following is a likely reason that someone today might decide to move from a city in the Midwest to the South?

urban overcrowding in the Midwest

higher housing costs in the South

the many high tech jobs available in the South

the decline of manufacturing in the Midwest

In which of the following areas is there a large concentration of American Indian and First Nations peoples?

the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States and Canada

the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada

the interior west of the united States and Canada

the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada

Which of the following statements about natural resources in the United States is most accurate?

The United States has had to import most of its natural resources from other countries.

Natural resources such as clothing and cars have been a huge boost to the U.S. economy.

The many agricultural resources of the United States have made up for its lack of other resources.

U.S. industry and agriculture have prospered because America has many different natural resources.

Which of the following is reason that few people live in northern Canada?

High levels of air pollution discourage people from settling there.

There are few jobs to attract people to the region.

The Inuit refuse to let outsiders settle on their lands.

Melting glaciers pose an environmental hazard in the region.

The majority of the jobs in Canada are found in

manufacturing.

the service sector.

fishing.

agriculture.

How does NAFTA affect relations between the United States and Canada?

It raises taxes on trade between the two countries.

It allows free trade between the two countries.

It opens the borders between the two coutnries.

It bans immigration between the two countries.

How is the Canadian government different from the U.S. government?

In Canada, there are not separate branches of government.

In Canada, the legislative branch is elected by the people.

In Canada, the head of government is not elected directly by the people.

In Canada, the legislative body passes laws.

Which of the following features does Canada share with the United States?

large plains of fertile cropland

an Arctic archipelago

a large French- speaking minority

an average population density of two people per square mile

An import is a good that is

brought into a country.

cheap to produce.

shipped to overseas markets.

made only in one place.

Which of the following correctly summarizes an economic trend in recent U.S. history?

People with lower incomes have gained a larger share of wealth.

Americans of all income levels have experienced declining incomes.

People with higher incomes have gained a larger share of wealth.

There has been little change in the distribution of wealth.

Which of the following correctly summarizes a recent trend in immigration to Canada?

Immigration to Canada has dropped slightly.

Immigration to Canada has hit record highs.

Canada has imposed strict limits on immigration.

Illegal immigration has caused a rapid population increase in Canada.

Why has the Colorado River become an environmental issue?

Frequent flooding threatens endangered habitats in the Rocky Mountains.

Irrigation has severely reduced the flow of water.

River levels are rising rapidly as a result of climate change.

Oil spills have polluted the river and threated many species.

What do most climatologists see as a major cause of rising global temperatures?

rising ocean levels caused by melting polar ice sheets

Earth's closer proximity to the sun due to its gravitational pull

water pollution cause by industrial waste

greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels

Which of the following best describes the effect globalization has had on some American and Canadian workers?

Many have lost jobs because companies offshored their production.

Many must pay higher prices charged for imported goods.

Many have had emigrate to follow jobs that were moved overseas.

Many are employed by foreign companies manufacturing in North America.

The first Mesoamerican civilizations began

soon after people crossed the Bering land Bridge.

once people learned how to farm in poor rain forest soils.

when people learned to mine obsidian.

with the rise of the Maya.

Why did Olmec farmers move their farms from time to time?

The soil would wear out and could no longer support farming.

Heavy rains flooded their fields and forced them to find new land.

Maya invaders took over their farmlands.

As their families grew, people needed larger farms.

Which of these groups introduced the mathematical concept of zero to the Americas?

the Maya

the Zapotec

the Spanish

 the Olmec

Which of the following achievements BEST illustrates Maya knowledge of astronomy?

They used slash-and-burn agriculture.

They developed a hieroglyphic writing system.

They built temples and pyramids.

They developed a complex calendar system.

Maya pyramids were topped by 

tombs.

temples.

giant stone heads.

observatories.

What was reason that the Aztec settled in the Valley of Mexico?

No enemies lived nearby.

The best farmland was found there.

It has a warmer temperature than the coast.

Lake Texcoco had a plentiful supply of fresh water.

The two main classes of Aztec society were

nobles and slaves.

priests and kings.

soldiers and slaves.

nobles and commoners.

What was the main purpose of chinampas?

to carry fresh water to fields

to increase the amount fo farmland

to transport people and goods

to pretect the Aztect from attack

Aztec artists used tropical feathers to

burn as offerings to the gods.

make writing instruments similar to quill pens.

keep records of crop yields and taxes.

create fans, capes, headdresses, and shields.

Why did the Aztec engage in human sacrifice?

They had to reduce the population in times of hunger.

They sought to prevent commoners from growing too strong.

They believed their chief god needed blood to be strong.

They wanted to punish their enemies.

Which of the following details shows the impact of resources on Mexico's history?

Spanish conquistadors came to Mexico to find gold.

Mexico's climate made it difficult to build large farms.

Spanish conquistadors came to Mexico to find oil.

Early Mexican civilizations traded crops for gold.

What happened when Cortés and his soldiers first arrived in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán?

The Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomed them as guests at first.

The Spanish army became ill with smallpox.

The Aztec army attacked Cortés and his soldiers.

Cortés immediately killed the Aztec leaders Moctezuma and burned the city.

In Spanish colonial society, the group in the highest position were the 

creoles.

mulattoes.

mestizos.

peninsulares.

What happened to American Indians as a result of the Spanish conquest of the Americas?

Many died from disease and mistreatment.

They learned new ways to farm their land.

Those who converted to Christianity were given freedom.

Many migrated north to escape Spanish rule.

What was the main result of the encomienda system?

All land in Mexico was taken over by the Spanish crown.

Native people were forced to work for Spanish colonists.

The Aztec empire was defeated.

Christianity spread throughout North America.

Which of the following laid the groundwork for the revolt that led to Mexico's independence from Spain?

the election of Juárez

the conquest of Spain by Napoleon Bonaparte

the Mexican Cession

the expansion of trade

In the late 1900s, conflict broke out in Central American countries such as Guatemala and Nicaragua as people fought to overthrow

dictatorships.

colonial rulers.

liberal governments.

monarchies.

How did the Mexico's new constitution in 1917 aim to change Mexican life?

It gave more land to every citizen and lowered taxes.

It established a dictatorship with one strong ruler.

It gave citizens strong representation in government.

It gave more land to farmers and more rights to workers.

Which of the following best describes most of today's Central American countries in the 1820s?

They broke away from Mexico.

They became colonies of the United States.

They established stable democratic governments.

They won independence from Spain.

Which of the following was an immediate cause of the Mexican Revolution of 1910?

Spanish domination

the building of the Panama Canal

the overthrow of Maximillian

widespread poverty

Which of the following was shipped to the Caribbean in the triangular system of trade that connected the Caribbean, Europe, and Africa?

European manufactured goods

molasses

tobacco

enslaved Africans

After countries in Central America and the Caribbean declared their independence, foreign powers continued to be involved in the region because

foreign powers regained political control in many countries.

foreign powers nationalized industries in several countries.

many countries depended on foreign investors to built their economies.

many countries formed military alliances with foreign powers.

Cuba under the rule of Fulgencio Batista was an example of which form of government, common in the region in the 1900s?

republic

dictatorship

democracy

monarchy

For what accomplishment is Toussaint L'Ouverture remembered?

ending the slave trade between Africa and the Caribbean

leading the first successful independence movement in the Caribbean

founding the first constitutional democracy in the Caribbean

driving European colonists out of the Caribbean

A revolution in 1959 led to Cuba becoming

 a communist dictatorship.

an independent nation.

a constitutional democracy.

a territory of the United States.

What feature makes the Mexican Plateau significant?

It has the longest coastline in Mexico.

It is the most sparsely populated area of Mexico.

It is home to most of Mexico's major cities.

It is the most arid region of Mexico.

What is the most common cause of the Mexican and Central American diaspora?

cultural diffusion

poverty

warfare

colonization

What are the two cultural backgrounds of a majority of Mexicans?

Mexican Indian and African

Spanish and Mexican Indian

Spanish and British

Native American and British

In Mexico, "Race Day" is a celebration of

Mexican independence.

Mexico's Catholic traditions.

Mexico's Spanish heritage.

Mexico's cultural diversity.

How has Mexico's population changed in recent decades?

The bulk of the population has shifted from rural to urban.

Due to migration, the population has decreased.

More people have moved from the highlands to the coasts.

Protestants now outnumber Catholics in most parts of Mexico.

What characteristic of Costa Rica has contributed to its having the most stable government in Central America?

limits on foreign investment

lack of a standing army

strong communist rule

low gross domestic product (GDP)

What would happen in Mexico if remittances from the United States slowed down?

The Mexican government would stop exports to the United States.

The Mexican government would increase exports to the United States.

The Mexican economy would slow down.

The Mexican economy would improve.

What has been the result of the shift toward a more free-market economy in Mexico?

worsened relations with the United States

increased profits for small farmers

reduced trade with other countries

greater economic growth

A key goal of ecotourism is to

minimize the environmental impact of tourism.

use profits from tourism to build factories.

create jobs by building large tourist resorts.

ensure that native cultures will not be changed.

How is Mexico's constitution different from the constitution of the United States?

Eligible voters are required by law to vote in elections.

Mexico does not allow multiple political parties.

Voters must be at least 21 years old.

Mexico has more than three branches of government.

One negative effect that tourism has had in the Caribbean is that it

takes jobs from local workers.

leads to water shortages.

has led to greater government control over the economy.

has destroyed the sugar-based economy.

The religions of Santería and Vodou are examples of

the survival of American Indian religious practices in the Caribbean.

the impact of tourism on the Caribbean.

the influence of Creole on Caribbean languages.

the blending of Spanish and West African cultures in the Caribbean.

How is Cuba's government different from that of the Dominican Republic?

Cuba is independent; the Dominican Republic is ruled by a European country.

Cuba has a democracy; the Dominican Republic has a monarchy.

Cuba is communist dictatorship; the Dominican Republic is a democracy.

Cuba has a stable government; the Dominican Republic has an unstable government.

Most governments in the Caribbean today are

presidential democracies.

communist dictatorships.

absolute monarchies.

parliamentary democracies.

Which language combines French and African influences?

Haitian Creole

Nahuatl

Quechua

Jamaican Creole

What is one effect of deforestation?

earthquakes

air pollution

water pollution

soil erosion

In Mexico and most of Central America, most wealth is

concentrated within the upper class.

given to help the poorer class.

spread out evenly among all the people.

divided between the middle class and the upper class.

Which of the following is a reason so many people have migrated from Middle America to other regions?

They dislike the region's climate.

They hope to escape poverty.

They want to live under a democratic government.

They want to gain an education.

Earthquakes and erosion can combine to cause deadly

volcanic eruptions.

hurricanes.

floods.

mudslides.

Which of the following is an example of an infrastructure problem in Mexico City?

urban overcrowding

air pollution from vehicle emissions

insufficient transportation systems

income inequality

Which was the main way Andean peoples modified their environment to grow more food?

by building stone walls

by cutting down forests

by building terraces

by irrigating fields

Why did some groups in South America continue to live as nomads after the development of agriculture?

They believed that agriculture was bad for the land.

They lived in ecosystems that were not suitable for farming.

They had more than enough wild plants and animals to thrive on.

They had no way of learning how to domesticate crops.

Which list shows the correct order in which some peoples in South America began to build a more stable food supply?

hunt, fish, and gather plants; cultivate crops; domesticate animals; modify landscape to support settlements

domesticate animals; cultivate crops; hunt, fish, and gather plants; modify landscape to support settlements

modify landscape to support settlements; cultivate crops; domesticate animals; hunt, fish, and gather plants

cultivate crops; hunt, fish, and gather plants; modify landscape to support settlements

How did knowing how to cut and stack stones help early Andean civilizations grow?

They built monuments to great leaders.

They built large buildings to store food.

They built irrigation channels to carry water where it was needed.

They built walls to keep out invaders.

What was one effect of the development of agriculture in South America?

People had less food to eat.

Groups began to settle in one place.

More people moved to the Grand Chaco.

People wore more animal skins and furs.

What was the Incan mita system?

labor as payment for taxes

a method of counting

the Incan social system

the division of land among government, priests, and the people

Despite having little freedom, people under Incan rule benefited from

the support of their ayllu.

the use of quipus.

a strict social hierarchy.

government support during crises.

The social hierarchy of the Incas

assigned the same ranking to all nobles.

divided commoners by age rather than by gender.

ranked people according to their skills.

ranked people according to their importance.

Why did the Incas build terraces?

to improve travel and communication through the empire

to increase the amount of fertile farmland

to make it easier to climb high mountains

to allow them to build homes on the sides of mountains

How are quipus different from records kept by European and Asian societies at around the same time?

Quipus used a pictorial alphabet.

Quipus were oral, not written, records.

Quipus used a phonetic alphabet.

Quipus conveyed information through a pattern of knots on strings.

What had weakened the Incan empire before the Spanish conquered it?

drought and famine

a volcanic eruption

disease and war

an earthquake

How did the Spanish conquest affect culture in the Americas?

Spanish colonists gave up European culture and adopted American Indian ways.

The Spanish, American Indian, and African cultures blended over time.

The Spanish kept their own culture, but American Indians adopted African culture.

The Spanish destroyed Aztec and Incan cultures so that no trace remained.

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

to end a war between Portugal and Muslims

to settle the terms of a trade agreement between Portugal and Muslims

to divide the non-European world between Spain and Portugal

to end a war between Spain and Portugal

What effect did Spanish and Portuguese colonization have on South American Indians?

Spanish and Portuguese colonization had less effect on South American Indians than it did on those native people living in Central America and the Caribbean.

Warfare, disease, and harsh treatment, including being forced to work in silver mines or sugar plantations, caused the deaths of many native people.

South American Indians were assimilated into the European ruling class.

Many South American Indians emigrated to other parts of the Spanish or Portuguese empires.

Brazil's history differs from the history of most countries in South America because Brazil

achieved its independence violently.

was colonized by Portugal, not Spain.

had few valuable natural resources to export.

was never successfully colonized by Europeans.

Simón Bolívar is best known for

leading the fight for independence from Spain in South America.

redistributing land and oil wealth among people in South America.

launching paramilitary attacks against post-independence governments in South America.

setting up dictatorships in South America following the collapse of Spanish rule.

Unstable post-independence governments in South America were further weakened by

economic inequality.

scarcity of resources.

piracy.

ethnic diversity.

One negative aspect of Brazil's government in the second half of the 1900s was that

economic progress came at the expense of democracy.

Brazil's economy made little progress.

Brazil became more dependent on agricultural exports.

constitution of highways and buildings declined.

How did Brazil gain its independence?

It was declared an independent empire by Portugal's royal family.

It was conquered by France and then liberated.

It was taken away from Spain by the Treaty of Tordesillas.

It was freed after a slave uprising overthrew the plantation owners.

Why did military leaders overthrow the governments of Chile and Argentina in the 1970s?

They disapproved of their governments using oil revenue to fund social programs.

They thought their governments were not doing enough to combat inequality.

The governments had jailed and murdered political opponents.

They feared their governments were moving toward communism.

Which of the following shows the strong influence of African traditions in Brazil?

the strong national interest in soccer

music and dance during the celebration of Carnival

the use of plantation agriculture to grow cash crops

the large Catholic majority in Brazil

How are the Guianas different from the Caribbean islands?

American Indian peoples live inland in the Guianas.

The Guianas are mainly Spanish-speaking.

They have a mix of European and African cultures.

They use languages brought by European colonists.

How is Carnival an example of cultural exchange in South America?

It involves parades and costumed dancers.

It involves the Christian practice of fasting.

It attracts millions of participants to Brazil's cities.

It combines African dance and European religion.

How is Paraguay different from the other countries in the Southern Cone?

Almost all of its people speak a South American Indian language.

Most of its people are of purely South American Indian descent.

The original native peoples and their cultures disappeared long ago.

It has a higher percentage of people with only European ancestry.

How is Brazil different from all other South American countries?

Most of its people are Christian.

Most of its people live in cities.

Its official language is Portuguese.

Its culture is a blend of several cutlures.

Brazil's economy today can best be described as

focused on coffee and sugarcane.

modern and diversified.

dependent on a single product.

relying mainly on agriulture.

Venezuela's economic institutions differ from those of other nations in the region mainly because Venezuela

has an entirely free-market economy.

engages in a variety of economic activities.

redistributes land and wealth across classes.

depends heavily on a nationalized oil industry.

Countries with higher literacy rates tend to have

more political instability.

greater urban poverty.

stronger economies.

more natural resources.

How do Spanish South America's governments compare with that of the United States?

They have presidential systems, unlike the United States.

They do not have national legislatures like the U.S. Congress.

They are mostly democracies like the United States.

They have parliamentary systems, unlike the United States.

All South American economies are

market economies, in which individual consumers and producers make all economic decisions.

mixed economies that generally follow market principles, but the government also plays a role.

command economies, in which the central government makes all basic economic decisions.

diversified economies that make many different types of products.

What is the main goal of Mercosur?

to allow free trade among South American countries

to address environmental challenges in South America

to create a political alliance among South American countries

to raise literacy rates in South America

Political corruption can directly hurt a country's economy because

citizens have to work harder to pay off politicians.

citizens lose confidence in their elected officials.

government leaders may be forced out of power.

it wastes money that could be invested.

Why does deforestation contribute to climate change?

Chainsaws release gases that heat the atmosphere.

Cleared land gives off more carbon than forests.

When trees are cut down, carbon stored in them is released.

More timber fuels industry, causing warmer temperatures.

Which would be most likely to solve Venezuela's problem with oil pollution?

better pay for its oil workers

foreign investment in its oil industry

a more effective government

a democratically elected government

What is the most likely way in which anti-poverty NGOs like Oxfam could help South America to address political challenges?

Ending poverty could reduce political instability and corruption.

Poor people helped by Oxfam might fight corruption.

Poor people helped by Oxfam might support trade agreements.

Ending poverty could enable South Americans to migrate to the United States.